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22. Michael R. Solomon, Consumer Behavior, 7th ed.<br />

(Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2007).<br />

23. Some recent research on humor in advertising, for<br />

example, includes: Haseeb Shabbir and Des Thwaites,<br />

“The Use of Humor to Mask Deceptive Advertising: It’s<br />

No Laughing Matter,” Journal of Advertising 36<br />

(Summer 2007), pp. 75–85; Thomas W. Cline and<br />

James J. Kellaris, “The Influence of Humor Strength<br />

and Humor Message Relatedness on Ad Memorability:<br />

A Dual Process Model,” Journal of Advertising 36<br />

(Spring 2007), pp. 55–67; H. Shanker Krishnan and<br />

Dipankar Chakravarti, “A Process Analysis of the<br />

Effects of Humorous Advertising Executions on Brand<br />

Claims Memory,” Journal of Consumer Psychology 13<br />

(2003), pp. 230–45.<br />

24. “Follies,” Advertising Age, December 14, 2009, p. 20.<br />

25. Rik Pieters and Michel Wedel, “Attention Capture and<br />

Transfer in Advertising: Brand, Pictorial, and Text-Size<br />

Effects,” Journal of <strong>Marketing</strong> 68 (April 2004), pp. 36–50.<br />

26. Herbert C. Kelman and Carl I. Hovland, “Reinstatement<br />

of the Communication in Delayed Measurement of<br />

Opinion Change,” Journal of Abnormal and Social<br />

Psychology 48 (July 1953), pp. 327–35.<br />

27. David J. Moore, John C. Mowen, and Richard<br />

Reardon, “Multiple Sources in Advertising Appeals:<br />

When Product Endorsers Are Paid by the Advertising<br />

Sponsor,” Journal of the Academy of <strong>Marketing</strong><br />

Science 13 (Summer 1994), pp. 234–43.<br />

28. C. E. Osgood and P. H. Tannenbaum, “The Principles<br />

of Congruity in the Prediction of Attitude Change,”<br />

Psychological Review 62 (January 1955), pp. 42–55.<br />

29. Brian Morrissey, “Traditional Ads Yield Social Traction,”<br />

Adweek, May 16, 2010.<br />

30. “Face-to-Face Report,” American Business Media,<br />

January 2010; “John Deere Face-to-Face Campaign<br />

Races Past Competition,” Special Advertising Section<br />

to Adweek and Brandweek, October 14, 2009; Gyro<br />

HSR, www.gyrohsr.com.<br />

31. Suzanne Vranca, “New to the TV Lineup: A Flat-Panel<br />

Teaser LG Uses Ruse of Show to Market Its Screen,”<br />

Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2008.<br />

32. Adapted from G. Maxwell Ule, “A Media Plan for<br />

‘Sputnik’ Cigarettes,” How to Plan Media Strategy<br />

(American Association of Advertising Agencies, 1957<br />

Regional Convention), pp. 41–52.<br />

33. Thomas C. Kinnear, Kenneth L. Bernhardt, and<br />

Kathleen A. Krentler, Principles of <strong>Marketing</strong>, 6th ed.<br />

(New York: HarperCollins, 1995).<br />

34. K. Sridhar Moorthy and Scott A. Hawkins, “Advertising<br />

Repetition and Quality Perceptions,” Journal of<br />

Business Research 58 (March 2005), pp. 354–60;<br />

Amna Kirmani and Akshay R. Rao, “No Pain, No Gain:<br />

A Critical Review of the Literature on Signaling<br />

Unobservable Product Quality,” Journal of <strong>Marketing</strong><br />

64 (April 2000), pp. 66–79; Amna Kirmani, “The Effect<br />

of Perceived Advertising Costs on Brand Perceptions,”<br />

Journal of Consumer Research 17 (September 17,<br />

1990), pp. 160–71; Amna Kirmani and Peter Wright,<br />

“Money Talks: Perceived Advertising Expense and<br />

Expected Product Quality,” Journal of Consumer<br />

Research 16 (December 1989), pp. 344–53.<br />

35. Demetrios Vakratsas and Tim Ambler, “How<br />

Advertising Works: What Do We Really Know?”<br />

Journal of <strong>Marketing</strong> 63 (January 1999), pp. 26–43.<br />

36. Levitt, Industrial Purchasing Behavior: A Study in<br />

Communication Effects (Boston, MA: Harvard<br />

University Division of Research, 1965).<br />

37. “Let’s Build a Smarter Planet,” Effie Worldwide,<br />

www.effie.org/winners/showcase/2010/; “IBM<br />

Smarter Planet Campaign from Ogilvy & Mather<br />

Wins Global Effie,” PRNewswire, June 9, 2010;<br />

Jeffrey M. O’Brien, “IBM’s Grand Plan to Save the<br />

Planet,” Fortune, April 21, 2009.<br />

38. Prasad A. Naik and Kalyan Raman, “Understanding the<br />

Impact of Synergy in Multimedia Communications,”<br />

Journal of <strong>Marketing</strong> Research 40 (November 2003),<br />

pp. 375–88. See also, Prasad A. Naik, Kalyan Raman,<br />

and Russell S. Winer, “Planning <strong>Marketing</strong>-Mix<br />

Strategies in the Presence of Interaction Effects,”<br />

<strong>Marketing</strong> Science 24 (January 2005), pp. 25–34.<br />

39. Scott Neslin, Sales Promotion, MSI Relevant<br />

Knowledge Series (Cambridge, MA: <strong>Marketing</strong><br />

Science Institute, 2002).<br />

40. Markus Pfeiffer and Markus Zinnbauer, “Can Old<br />

Media Enhance New Media?” Journal of Advertising<br />

Research (March 2010), pp. 42–49.<br />

41. Ellen Neuborne, “Ads That Actually Sell Stuff,”<br />

Business 2.0, June 2004, p. 78.<br />

42. Sreedhar Madhavaram, Vishag Badrinarayanan, and<br />

Robert E. McDonald, “Integrated <strong>Marketing</strong><br />

Communication (IMC) and Brand Identity as Critical<br />

Components of Brand Equity Strategy,” Journal of<br />

Advertising 34 (Winter 2005), pp. 69–80; Mike Reid,<br />

Sandra Luxton, and Felix Mavondo, “The Relationship<br />

between Integrated <strong>Marketing</strong> Communication, Market<br />

Orientation, and Brand Orientation,” Journal of<br />

Advertising 34 (Winter 2005), pp. 11–23.<br />

43. Don E. Schultz and Heidi Schultz, IMC, The Next<br />

Generation: Five Steps for Delivering Value and<br />

Measuring Financial Returns (New York: McGraw-Hill,<br />

2003); Don E. Shultz, Stanley I. Tannenbaum, and<br />

Robert F. Lauterborn, Integrated <strong>Marketing</strong><br />

Communications: Putting It Together and Making It<br />

Work (Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Business Books, 1992).<br />

44. Bruce Horovitz, “Super Bowl Marketers Go All Out to<br />

Create Hype, Online Buzz,” USA Today, February 8,<br />

2010.<br />

Chapter 18<br />

1. Dan Sewall, “Old Spice Rolls Out New Ads,”<br />

Associated Press, July 1, 2010; Adam Tschorn, “Old<br />

Spice Ad Connects Women to Male Brand with a<br />

Wink,” Los Angeles Times, March 6, 2010; Mary<br />

Elizabeth Williams, “Take That, Super Bowl,”<br />

Salon.com, www.salon.com, February 22, 2010.<br />

2. Paul F. Nunes and Jeffrey Merrihue, “The Continuing<br />

Power of Mass Advertising,” Sloan <strong>Management</strong><br />

Review (Winter 2007), pp. 63–69.<br />

Endnotes<br />

E49

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