A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics David Crystal

the active indicative present tense had the endings amo, amas, amat, amamus,
amatis, amant (for ‘I/you/he-she/we/you/they’ persons respectively). ‘Fourth conjugation’
verbs, illustrated by audire (‘to hear’), conjugated differently; audio,
audis, audit, audimus, auditis, audiunt (for the same persons). The term is not
usually found in modern linguistic analysis (which talks in terms of wordclasses),
but will be encountered in studies of linguistic historiography.
conjunct (n.) see conjunction (1)
connected speech 101
conjunction (n.) (1) (conj) A term used in the grammatical classification of
words to refer to an item or a process whose primary function is to connect
words or other constructions. The conventional subclassification of these
‘connective’ items distinguishes co-ordinating conjunctions (e.g. and, or, but)
and subordinating conjunctions (e.g. because, when, unless) – also referred to
as ‘co-ordinators’ and ‘subordinators’ respectively. Certain types of adverbial
(those whose function is primarily connective) are also sometimes referred to as
conjunctive, or simply as conjuncts, e.g. however, moreover, indeed. A process
of conjunction is also recognized in transformational accounts (as in formal
logic), this normally being referred to as a conjoining transformation; the
conjoined elements may also be referred to as conjuncts. In logic and formal
semantics, the term is often limited in application to the word and and its
equivalents in other languages; opposed to disjunction.
(2) In optimality theory, a term referring to the combination of two constraints
acting simultaneously. A conjoined constraint is violated when all of
its constituent constraints are violated. For example, NoCoda-r (a prohibition
on /r/ in codas) can be created by conjoining NoCoda with *r.
conjunctive (adj.) A term used in generative phonology to refer to a principle
affecting the ordering of rules. Conjunctive ordering is found in the use of
the brace notation, which indicates an obligatory selection of one member
of a set of alternatives. If a sequence of rules is abbreviated using this notation
– e.g.
1Y 5
X 2Z 6 P, which stands for (a) XYP, (b) XZP or (c) XWP
3W7
– then this sequence forms a conjunctively ordered block, i.e. one or other of (a),
(b) or (c) must apply. It is distinguished from disjunctive ordering.
(2) See conjunction (1).
connected speech A term used in linguistics to refer to spoken language
when analysed as a continuous sequence, as in normal utterances and conversations.
Its significance lies in the contrast implied with studies of linguistic
units seen in isolation, such as an individual sound, word or phrase, which
were the subject-matter of much traditional linguistic enquiry. It is now realized
that important changes happen to these units when they are used in connected
speech, as demonstrated by such processes as assimilation and elision, e.g.
and becoming /n/ in such phrases as boys and girls.