A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics David Crystal

30 aphesis
aphesis /cafvs}s/ (n.), aphetic /vcfet}k/ (adj.)
see aphaeresis
apical (adj.), apico-
see apex
apocope /vcp∞kvpip/ (n.) A term used in comparative philology, and sometimes
in modern phonology, to refer to the deletion of the final element in a
word; often contrasted with aphaeresis and syncope. Examples include the
pronunciation of and as /vn/ or of of as /v/ in such phrases as snakes and ladders
or cup of tea.
apodosis /apvcdväs}s/ (n.) In traditional grammar, and sometimes now
in semantics, a term which refers to the consequence or result expressed in
the main clause of a conditional sentence; also called the consequent,
and opposed to the protasis, which expresses the condition. In the sentence
We shall get in if we queue, we shall get in is the apodosis, if we queue is the
protasis.
A-position (n.)
appellative (n.)
appendix (n.)
see argument
see eponym
see extrasyllabic
applicable (adj.), applicability (n.)
see application
application (n.) A term used by some linguists to refer to the overall relationship
which exists between language and non-linguistic entities, situations, etc.
The ‘application’ of a linguistic unit is its use in a specific context; a unit is
said to be applicable to that context. For example, a lexical item may be
applied to a range of situations (none of which would constitute part of its
normal denotation or reference), e.g. heap being applied to a car, a house, a
sculpture. The term is particularly useful in the context of translation, where
pairs of apparently equivalent terms turn out to have different ranges of application
(or applicability); e.g. the use of merci in French differs from the use of
thank you in English. If items from different languages totally correspond in the
range of situations where they may be used, they are said to have the same
application.
applicational grammar The name given to a type of categorial grammar
proposed by the Russian linguist Sebastian Konstantinovich yaumjan (b. 1916).
Its basic units are term (α) and sentence (β).
applicative (adj./n.) (appl) In grammar, a type of double-object construction
in some languages (roughly corresponding to the direct/indirect object construction
in English). An applicative affix on the verb encodes as objects a
range of roles, such as benefactive and locative. The construction can be
analysed as a type of voice, in which the focus is on the types of object rather
than on the relationship between subject and object. Applicatives are widely
found in Bantu languages.