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the coast which were unmapped were dispersed in various sections of the whole Australian coastline. Careening Bay exhibits a rare association with the work of Phillip Parker King and the process under which the first exploratory running surveys of the Australian coastline were refined into accurate naval charts. King was the first, and for a number of years the only, Australian-born navigator to attain eminence in the world outside the Australian colonies. On his first four voyages he made significant contributions to Australian exploration by providing the first surveys of previously uncharted coastlines, particularly around the north-west and the Kimberley. He was the first to utilize nineteenth century advances in hydrographic equipment and techniques in surveying and charting the Australian coastline. In 1825 the British Admiralty published the eight small-scale sheets of King's surveys, together with seven larger-scale plans of sections considered important for their detail. As a result, the process of mapping the extent of the Australian continent was completed, and charts of the whole Australian coastline were available to mariners for the first time. King's addition to Flinder's work of mapping the Australian coastline was so great that in 1829 the Admiralty replaced Flinder's General chart of Terra Australis or Australia originally published in 1814, with the General chart of Terra Australis or Australia, from the surveys of Capt n Flinders and King. This subsequently became Admiralty chart No.1042 (Hordern 1997). Of the eight coastal survey sheets produced by the British Admiralty from King's work, two were used during Second World War, and his 'Northern Sheet' became Admiralty Chart No. BA1044 which was not withdrawn until 1955, over 130 years since it had first been engraved (Hordern 1997). Lieutenant Commander G. C. Ingleton, himself a former naval surveyor, has described King as 'the greatest of the early Australian marine surveyors' and has written that his charts 'although not numerous, were of a quality not attained by any previous navigator in the Pacific' (Ingleton 1944). A century and a half after his death, Australia continues to reap the benefits of King's work. What had begun for the British on Mermaid as a poorly resourced response to Freycinet's 1817 voyage and the need to maintain British strategic advantage in the southern hemisphere, grew into a professional hydrographic arm of the Navy that laid the essential groundwork for any foreign British activity, whether commercially or politically motivated (Tiley 2006). King's work completed the process started by the Dutch navigators and Dampier whereby the extent of the Australian continent was finally delineated for Europeans. Countless vessels have been guided through the dangerous waters around Australia's coastline to safe havens as a result of the increasingly accurate chart work done by King and his successors (Hordern 1997). Only the 'Mermaid' tree in Careening Bay remains in situ as direct evidence of the man and his great work. In summary, the 'Mermaid Tree' is the only remaining direct physical link with the important hydrographic work of Phillip Parker King. Although he left a memorial hammered into Hamelin's post at Cape Inscription, this has now been removed to the Western Australian Maritime Museum, and the 'Mermaid' tree in Careening Bay is the only remaining direct physical link with King which remains in situ. The Mermaid tree within Careening Bay has outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (b) as rare, in situ, physical evidence of nineteenth 142
century hydrographers and in particular the survey work of Phillip Parker King, one of Australia's most important early marine surveyors. CRITERION (c) – The place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place's potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Australia's natural or cultural history ANCIENT LANDSCAPES, GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES A nominator claimed that the Prince Regent River has outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (c) because 'the sunken coastline' of the Prince Regent area 'has the potential to provide information adding to our understanding of the changes to our continent over geological time and in response to changing climate.' This nominator also claimed that 'the Prince Regent limestone and its relationship with the Prince Regent River extending over 150 kilometres from south-east to north-west and the Roe river further north which sites at the interface between two distinct types of bedrock – basalt to the East and sandstone to the West… are likely to yield information that improves our understanding of the shaping of the north-west of our continent and its movements over geological time.' These claims cannot easily be demonstrated. Furthermore, the boundaries between land and ocean are in constant flux. Coasts respond to and record the interaction of climate, tectonic, sedimentary and biological (including anthropogenic) processes over long and short timescales. The geological record provides persuasive evidence all over the world of sea level change over time, driven by a variety of processes including changes in sediment load, climate, continental ice storage and ocean basin volume. Many of these processes continue today (Boyd 2007a). On its own, the Prince Regent River is unlikely to have outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (c) for its potential to provide information about geological and climate changes over time, nor for its role in shaping the understanding of the shaping of north-western Australia. ECOLOGY, BIOGEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE AND EVOLUTION Reef ecology, response to change and resilience The fossil Devonian reef assemblages of the Lennard Shelf, including the Napier, Oscar, Emmanuel and Pillara Ranges span the Givetian-Famennian stages of the Devonian period from about 390–359 million years ago, including the Frasnian– Famennian mass extinction. While the causes of this extinction are still unclear, suggested mechanisms include climate change and sea level changes. Sea level changes occurred rapidly at the end of the Frasnian stage and at other reefs around the world this boundary marks their extinction and burial by deeper-water sediment (Wood 2000). In the Kimberley, there are records of the sea level changes, as well as the extinction of a major component of the reef-building organisms, (large, calcified animals) at this time. Despite this, the Kimberley reef remains, albeit with different taxa, mostly microbial, taking up the role of reef building in the Famennian stage (Wood 2000). 143
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WEST KIMBERLEY PLACE REPORT DESCRIP
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In contrast to ontological views of
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These painted images have attracted
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But Geikie Gorge is much more than
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Jirrbal (May to June): At this time
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GEOLOGICAL HISTORY Geologists expla
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(Playford et al. 2009). The feature
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In the absence of any major mountai
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A NATURAL AND CULTURAL REFUGE For t
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Punamii-unpuu is a very important p
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Researchers have found that a numbe
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frogs - a richer assemblage of frog
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The sheer number of islands along t
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Central Kimberley Stretching east f
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striata), above a layer of ribbon g
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visit the bay each year. The Roebuc
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traditional country is located abov
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of Important Wetlands of Australia
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Indonesian fisherman brought tamari
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inland from the coast today. Accord
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Sydney; the Mermaid was barely soun
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EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT OF THE KIMBERLE
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colonies to import indentured labou
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feared that the policy might lead p
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The Broome community reflected the
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and wealth to the west, the governm
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Hicks wrote: 'We found ourselves ne
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The drove began near Goulburn in 18
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pioneered by already-established Ki
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esponses to Aboriginal resistance.
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south-east around Lake Gregory (Par
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The church's exterior is in the int
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Bungarun Bungarun (the Derby Lepros
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eating snails and weeds. Their one
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From 1943 to 1944, Noonkanbah was u
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In 1965, award wages were granted t
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in May 1978, led directly to the fo
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part of absorbing these cultures' (
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Hann. The remains of the old Gibb R
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CRITERION (a) - The place has outst
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ECOLOGY, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION
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of note. More tetrapod species are
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The second highest endemism score i
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new genera (see more detail under v
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ainforests, including the golden ba
Page 91 and 92: considered to provide insights into
Page 93 and 94: number of endemic freshwater fish i
Page 95 and 96: southwest of the State (DEH 2001).
Page 97 and 98: A series of scattered freshwater we
Page 99 and 100: Kimberley has three plant families
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Page 103 and 104: The earliest evidence for the appli
Page 105 and 106: Ethnographic evidence shows that bo
Page 107 and 108: analysis of the west Kimberley agai
Page 109 and 110: Station NT - a feat which became kn
Page 111 and 112: The industry developed into the cul
Page 113 and 114: work in the sugar industry, while n
Page 115 and 116: century, their interest was commerc
Page 117 and 118: Historic shipwrecks A total of 237
Page 119 and 120: The resistance campaign was unprece
Page 121 and 122: Woorunmurra are all recorded as tak
Page 123 and 124: Affairs Department was set up and i
Page 125 and 126: medical examination before being se
Page 127 and 128: 2003; River Junction Research 2006)
Page 129 and 130: The Kimberley Land Council (2010) s
Page 131 and 132: struggle noted, the local maparn, a
Page 133 and 134: practices in relation to consultati
Page 135 and 136: military and population centres wer
Page 137 and 138: could have stood as tall as 5.4-5.6
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Page 141: Evidence for uninterrupted occupati
Page 145 and 146: The Devonian reef outcrops of the L
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Page 149 and 150: phased out' (Morwood 2002, 162). Bu
Page 151 and 152: people whose lives were so closely
Page 153 and 154: Karrakatta Bay Karrakatta Bay is a
Page 155 and 156: complete what Matthew Flinders had
Page 157 and 158: and the remains of a forge was cite
Page 159 and 160: as well. Taking a longer perspectiv
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Page 163 and 164: The Devonian carbonate complexes of
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Page 167 and 168: Additional to international visitor
Page 169 and 170: In summary, within the context of t
Page 171 and 172: people); Paakantyi, Darling River l
Page 173 and 174: knowledgeable about 'magic' (which
Page 175 and 176: (Mowaljarlai and Malnic 1993). Othe
Page 177 and 178: * * * * '[I]t was the feeling of ex
Page 179 and 180: were removed from a preliminary lis
Page 181 and 182: King Leopold Ranges Conservation Pa
Page 183 and 184: flickering light and was joined by
Page 185 and 186: Aboriginal rock art paintings in th
Page 187 and 188: There is also a high degree of vari
Page 189 and 190: Ingenuity, resourcefulness and coop
Page 191 and 192: Built in a remote location from loc
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The manufacture of the double log r
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Shinju Matsuri Festival which conti
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In summary, evidence for the identi
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life and works of Phillip Parker Ki
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to catch up with him, Jandamarra wa
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his capture. His tracks were often
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using European weapons against the
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CRITERION (i) - The place has outst
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12). This is the same Wanjina, Nama
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References Abbott, I and A A Burbid
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Akerman, K and J Stanton (1994). Ri
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ongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%
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Berson, J (2004). Protecting dugong
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Braithwaite, R W, G R Friend and J
Page 221 and 222:
Choo, C (2001). Mission girls: Abor
Page 223 and 224:
Crawford, I M (2009). 'Macassan' vo
Page 225 and 226:
DEWHA (2007). Mt William Stone Hatc
Page 227 and 228:
Durack, M (1969). The rock and the
Page 229 and 230:
Graham, G (2001a). Dampierland 2 (D
Page 231 and 232:
Hocking, I, E Shepherd and J Meggit
Page 233 and 234:
Johnstone R E and A H Burbidge (199
Page 235 and 236:
Köhler, F (2010). Three new specie
Page 237 and 238:
Long, J (2006). Swimming in Stone:
Page 239 and 240:
McConnell, K and S O'Connor (1999).
Page 241 and 242:
Morse, K (1993a). Coastwatch: Pleis
Page 243 and 244:
North Australian Indigenous Land an
Page 245 and 246:
Paterson A, G Nicholas Gill and M K
Page 247 and 248:
Price, O F (2004). Indirect evidenc
Page 249 and 250:
Rogers, D I and Pearson G B (2003).
Page 251 and 252:
Sharples, C, R E Mount, T K Pederse
Page 253 and 254:
Stannage, C T (ed.) (1981). Convict
Page 255 and 256:
Trigger, D (1987). Inland, coast an
Page 257 and 258:
Watson, P (1983). This precious fol
Page 259 and 260:
Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corpor
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years of reef deposition and shows
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Aboriginal trade in pearl shell Kim
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B The place has outstanding heritag
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C The place has outstanding heritag
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D The place has outstanding heritag
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E The place has outstanding heritag
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F The place has outstanding heritag
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H The place has outstanding heritag
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