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Range), the remains of a barrier reef, including the forereef accumulations, lagoon deposits, patch reefs, bioherms (mud mounds) that grew on pinnacle reefs rising from the shallow sea floor of the backreef lagoon and limestone nodules preserving entire fish and crustaceans at the Gogo fossil localities (Playford and Lowry 1966; Webb 2001; Johnson and Webb 2007; Playford et al. 2009). The Devonian carbonate complexes of the Lennard Shelf have outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (d) for demonstrating the principal characteristics of a very well preserved proto-Australian carbonate ramp environment on an ancient continental shelf. Ecology, biogeography and evolution Dampier Coast Cretaceous landscape The ichnofossils (trace fossils including dinosaur tracks) preserved in the Broome Sandstone exposed in the intertidal zone of the Dampier Coast (from Roebuck Bay to Cape Leveque) represent up to 15 different types of dinosaur (Thulborn et al. 1994; Tyler 2000; Thulborn 1997; Long 1998; Long 2004). The Cretaceous landscapes that occurred here were buried intact and reveal original topography, with soils, leaf–litter and even fossils of plants in their growth positions (roots can be seen descending into the substrate). In places, dinosaur tracks meander around these plants so that one may walk across these ancient landscapes following their paths through clumps of vegetation (Thulborn pers. comm. 2009). The plant and sedimentological evidence allows reconstruction of the environments in which dinosaurs lived and fed, providing a fuller palaeoecological picture of a suite of Cretaceous coastal environments. The Broome Sandstone coastal exposures of dinosaur tracks and associated fossils therefore tell an integrated story of the animals, plants and physical environment of this area during the Early Cretaceous period, approximately 132 million years ago. The dinosaur tracks and associated ichnofossils, plant macrofossils and Cretaceous depositional environments of the Broome Sandstone exposed in the intertidal zone of the Dampier Coast have outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (d) for preserving snapshots of the ecology of the Mesozoic. Roebuck Bay migratory hub Sixty four waterbird species have been recorded at Roebuck Bay, 34 of which have been listed under international treaties (JAMBA, CAMBA and ROKAMBA). Roebuck Bay has the highest number of species of international importance visiting its shores of any site in Australia, including pied oystercatcher (Haematopus longirostris), Mongolian plover (Charadrius mongolus) and the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres). ANHAT analysis returned the second highest score for Charadiiformes (waders) richness at Roebuck Bay (61 species). Along with international visitors, Roebuck Bay also returned nationally high endemism scores for a collection of bird groups, including Passeriformes (perching birds), Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), Pittidae (pittas) and to a lesser extent Sylviidae (old world warblers). The endemism significance can in some cases be explained by a number of bird species, such as the common redshank (Tringa totanus) and the Asian dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus), that 11
E The place has outstanding heritage value to the nation because of the place's importance in exhibiting particular within Australia almost exclusively visit the Canning coast area, before returning to other countries within their flyway zone. Roebuck Bay has outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (d) due to the place's importance as a class of avian habitat (a migratory hub or staging post), and for the regular presence of migratory, protected or endangered avifauna. Rainbow Serpent traditions tied to Indigenous interpretations of the different way in which water flows within the catchment The Rainbow Serpent is an important Creation Being for Aboriginal people across Australia and is closely linked to land, water, life, social relationships and fertility. There are many stories associated with the serpent, all of which communicate the significance and power of this Being within Aboriginal traditions. Within the Fitzroy River catchment there are four distinct expressions of the Rainbow Serpent tradition. In the jila-kalpurtu domain of the Fitzroy catchment on the northern edge of the Great Sandy Desert, water flows are principally underground and the Rainbow Serpent (kalpurtu) is said to exist in the underground structure of the channels, linking excavated waterholes and other water sources of significance. Places like Kurrpurrngu, Mangunampi, Paliyarra and Kurungal are exemplars of this expression of the Rainbow Serpent. The phenomenon of Galaroo, on the other hand, is linked to flowing surface water, in the form of major rivers, and to long and deep permanent waterholes in broad river channels, like Geikie Gorge (Danggu). The Rainbow Serpent of the Wanjina-Wunggurr belief system, known as Wunggurr, is typically found in discrete pools of water and is also associated with the sea and with Wanjina Creator Beings at painted sites and in religious narratives.. The upper Hann river is an exemplar of this aspect of the Rainbow Serpent tradition, while the Woonyoomboo-Yoongoorroonkoo narrative of the lower Fitzroy primarily tells the story of the creation of the lower Fitzroy River and its floodplains and its links to the sea. The Fitzroy River and a number of its tributaries, together with their floodplains and the jila sites of Kurrpurrngu, Mangunampi, Paliyarra and Kurungal, demonstrate four distinct expressions of the Rainbow Serpent tradition associated with Indigenous interpretations of the different ways in which water flows within the catchment and are of outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (d) for their exceptional ability to convey the diversity of the Rainbow Serpent tradition within a single freshwater hydrological system. Wealth of land and sea The West Kimberley, with its spectacular scenery and substantially unmodified landscapes, has outstanding heritage value to the nation under criterion (e) for its inspirational landscapes, as exemplified by the following places. Common aesthetic characteristics noted for the West Kimberley region include the colour in the landscape (reds, yellows, intensity and variety of hues) , the substantially unmodified nature of the natural landscapes, the experience of remoteness and the inspirational nature of the landscapes Above threshold 12
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WEST KIMBERLEY PLACE REPORT DESCRIP
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In contrast to ontological views of
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These painted images have attracted
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But Geikie Gorge is much more than
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Jirrbal (May to June): At this time
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GEOLOGICAL HISTORY Geologists expla
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(Playford et al. 2009). The feature
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In the absence of any major mountai
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A NATURAL AND CULTURAL REFUGE For t
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Punamii-unpuu is a very important p
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Researchers have found that a numbe
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frogs - a richer assemblage of frog
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The sheer number of islands along t
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Central Kimberley Stretching east f
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striata), above a layer of ribbon g
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visit the bay each year. The Roebuc
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traditional country is located abov
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of Important Wetlands of Australia
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Indonesian fisherman brought tamari
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inland from the coast today. Accord
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Sydney; the Mermaid was barely soun
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EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT OF THE KIMBERLE
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colonies to import indentured labou
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feared that the policy might lead p
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The Broome community reflected the
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and wealth to the west, the governm
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Hicks wrote: 'We found ourselves ne
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The drove began near Goulburn in 18
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pioneered by already-established Ki
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esponses to Aboriginal resistance.
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south-east around Lake Gregory (Par
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The church's exterior is in the int
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Bungarun Bungarun (the Derby Lepros
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eating snails and weeds. Their one
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From 1943 to 1944, Noonkanbah was u
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In 1965, award wages were granted t
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in May 1978, led directly to the fo
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part of absorbing these cultures' (
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Hann. The remains of the old Gibb R
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CRITERION (a) - The place has outst
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ECOLOGY, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION
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of note. More tetrapod species are
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The second highest endemism score i
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new genera (see more detail under v
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ainforests, including the golden ba
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considered to provide insights into
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number of endemic freshwater fish i
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southwest of the State (DEH 2001).
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A series of scattered freshwater we
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Kimberley has three plant families
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the southwest of Western Australia
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The earliest evidence for the appli
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Ethnographic evidence shows that bo
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analysis of the west Kimberley agai
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Station NT - a feat which became kn
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The industry developed into the cul
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work in the sugar industry, while n
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century, their interest was commerc
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Historic shipwrecks A total of 237
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The resistance campaign was unprece
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Woorunmurra are all recorded as tak
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Affairs Department was set up and i
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medical examination before being se
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2003; River Junction Research 2006)
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The Kimberley Land Council (2010) s
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struggle noted, the local maparn, a
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practices in relation to consultati
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military and population centres wer
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could have stood as tall as 5.4-5.6
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younger and smaller than the Lake G
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Evidence for uninterrupted occupati
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century hydrographers and in partic
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The Devonian reef outcrops of the L
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eef, utilised the massive tides to
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phased out' (Morwood 2002, 162). Bu
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people whose lives were so closely
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Karrakatta Bay Karrakatta Bay is a
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complete what Matthew Flinders had
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and the remains of a forge was cite
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as well. Taking a longer perspectiv
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coastal regions which may exhibit s
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The Devonian carbonate complexes of
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Antarctic feeding grounds and breed
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Additional to international visitor
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In summary, within the context of t
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people); Paakantyi, Darling River l
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knowledgeable about 'magic' (which
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(Mowaljarlai and Malnic 1993). Othe
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* * * * '[I]t was the feeling of ex
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were removed from a preliminary lis
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King Leopold Ranges Conservation Pa
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flickering light and was joined by
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Aboriginal rock art paintings in th
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There is also a high degree of vari
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Ingenuity, resourcefulness and coop
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Built in a remote location from loc
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The manufacture of the double log r
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Shinju Matsuri Festival which conti
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In summary, evidence for the identi
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life and works of Phillip Parker Ki
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to catch up with him, Jandamarra wa
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his capture. His tracks were often
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using European weapons against the
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CRITERION (i) - The place has outst
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12). This is the same Wanjina, Nama
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References Abbott, I and A A Burbid
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Akerman, K and J Stanton (1994). Ri
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ongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%
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Berson, J (2004). Protecting dugong
Page 219 and 220: Braithwaite, R W, G R Friend and J
Page 221 and 222: Choo, C (2001). Mission girls: Abor
Page 223 and 224: Crawford, I M (2009). 'Macassan' vo
Page 225 and 226: DEWHA (2007). Mt William Stone Hatc
Page 227 and 228: Durack, M (1969). The rock and the
Page 229 and 230: Graham, G (2001a). Dampierland 2 (D
Page 231 and 232: Hocking, I, E Shepherd and J Meggit
Page 233 and 234: Johnstone R E and A H Burbidge (199
Page 235 and 236: Köhler, F (2010). Three new specie
Page 237 and 238: Long, J (2006). Swimming in Stone:
Page 239 and 240: McConnell, K and S O'Connor (1999).
Page 241 and 242: Morse, K (1993a). Coastwatch: Pleis
Page 243 and 244: North Australian Indigenous Land an
Page 245 and 246: Paterson A, G Nicholas Gill and M K
Page 247 and 248: Price, O F (2004). Indirect evidenc
Page 249 and 250: Rogers, D I and Pearson G B (2003).
Page 251 and 252: Sharples, C, R E Mount, T K Pederse
Page 253 and 254: Stannage, C T (ed.) (1981). Convict
Page 255 and 256: Trigger, D (1987). Inland, coast an
Page 257 and 258: Watson, P (1983). This precious fol
Page 259 and 260: Wunambal Gaambera Aboriginal Corpor
Page 261 and 262: years of reef deposition and shows
Page 263 and 264: Aboriginal trade in pearl shell Kim
Page 265 and 266: B The place has outstanding heritag
Page 267 and 268: C The place has outstanding heritag
Page 269: D The place has outstanding heritag
Page 273 and 274: F The place has outstanding heritag
Page 275 and 276: H The place has outstanding heritag
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