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The Poverty <strong>of</strong> Civil Libertarianism<br />

Herald <strong>and</strong> Evening Post by burning old copies. ANC spokesman Phila<br />

Nkayi said the papers were waging "malicious" attacks on the organisation.<br />

"The media is at liberty to criticise the ANC-led alliance, but we<br />

could not take the vilification <strong>and</strong> bossy stance that appears to have been<br />

adopted.. . ." Editor Derek Smith said the Herald would "not become an<br />

ANC paper" or be dictated to. But on the first full day <strong>of</strong> the boycott the<br />

newspapers' management approached the ANC for talks, <strong>and</strong> the South<br />

African Union <strong>of</strong> Journalists branch also sought to negotiate. Weekly Mail<br />

4 (July 31, 1992).<br />

A week after the opening <strong>of</strong> "Minbo noOnna" (Woman Mob Fighter), a<br />

film about yakuza (gangsters), director Juzo Itami was attacked by three<br />

men in front <strong>of</strong> his house, who slashed him in the face, neck <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>.<br />

New York Times A1 (June 15, 1992). One reporter for the Asahi newspaper<br />

was murdered in 1987 <strong>and</strong> another seriously wounded. The Tokyo<br />

Broadcasting System received 140,000 protests after it criticised the<br />

Unification Church. The <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> a magazine that criticised K<strong>of</strong>uku no<br />

Kagaku (Institute for Research in Human Happiness) was attacked. Los<br />

Angeles Times H2 (October 13, 1992).<br />

98<br />

Los Angeles Times J1 (March 14, 1991).<br />

At the 1992 Republican National Convention the leader <strong>of</strong> the Virginia<br />

delegation organised a group <strong>of</strong> hecklers to follow NPR reporter Nina<br />

Totenberg around the floor, interrupting her interviews by yelling "Nina,<br />

Nina. Have you had an affair?" This was retaliation for another woman<br />

reporter who had asked Bush about an affair. When Democratic Party<br />

Chairman Ron Brown <strong>and</strong> other <strong>of</strong>ficials tried to hold a news conference<br />

inside a Houston restaurant, 100 members <strong>of</strong> the Republican Youth<br />

Coalition dirsupted it. The co-chairwoman <strong>of</strong> the Republican National<br />

Committee congratulated them: "I want to tell you all that you have really<br />

done wonderfully. You have really kept us in the news this week. I saw<br />

you take on the other side's rally the other day <strong>and</strong> that was great." The<br />

field director <strong>of</strong> the <strong>College</strong> Republican National Committee explained:<br />

"If the Dems are going to come to the Republic National Committee [sic]<br />

<strong>and</strong> try to steal media attention, they should expect a little confrontation."<br />

New York Times A12 (August 21, 1992).<br />

99<br />

Jansen(1991).<br />

1<br />

Cr". Wolff (1968).<br />

80

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