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176 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS VI normal cases, where we have to prove the simulation relation and to adjust the result in case. More details can be found in (Martens, 2004). 5 SUMMARY In this paper, we have sketched a framework for modeling business processes and Web services by help of Petri nets. This framework has enabled us to specify a fundamental property of such components – usability. We have also presented algorithms to verify this property locally. Moreover, the our approach yields a concrete example how to use a given Web services. Beside the results presented here, the notion of usability and the formalism of communication graphs are the basis for further investigations on Web services. On the one hand, the analysis of usability offers a starting point for the simplification of Web service models and for re-engineering of such components. On the other hand, the equivalence of two Web services can be decided. This is exceedingly important for a dynamic exchange of components within a running system: Does the new component behave exactly the way the replaced component did? All presented algorithms are implemented within a prototype. Currently, we try to improve the efficiency of the algorithms by the application of partial order reduction techniques. Due to this approach we will be able to handle much larger workflow modules which emerge by transformation of a real world modeling language into our framework, i. e. BPEL4WS (BEA et al., 2002). REFERENCES BEA, IBM, Microsoft, and SAP (2002). BPEL4WS– Business Process Execution Language for Web Services. Version 1.1. Gottschalk, K. (2000). Web Services architecture overview. IBM developerWorks, Whitepaper. http://ibm. com/developerWorks. Martens, A. (2003a). On compatibility of web services. Petri Net Newsletter, (65):12–20. Martens, A. (2003b). WOMBAT4WS– Workflow Modeling and Business Analysis Toolkit for Web Services. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Manual. http://www.informatik.hu-berlin. de/top/wombat. Martens, A. (to appear 2004). Verteilte Geschäftsprozesse – Modellierung und Verifikation mit Hilfe von Web Services. PhD thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Martens, A., Stahl, C., Weinberg, D., Fahland, D., and Heidinger, T. (2004). BPEL4WS– Semantik, Analyse und to workflow management. Journal of Circuits, Universität zu Berlin. Reisig, W. (1985). Petri Nets. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, eatcs monographs on theoretical computer science edition. van der Aalst, W. M. P. (1998a). The application of petri netsVisualisierung. Informatik-Bericht, Humboldt- Systems and Computers, 8(1):21–66. van der Aalst, W. M. P. (1998b). Modeling and analyzing interorganizational workflows. In Lavagno, L. and Reisig, W., editors, Proceedings of CSD’98, pages 262–272. IEEE Computer Society Press, Fukushima, Japan.
BALANCING STAKEHOLDER’S PREFERENCES ON MEASURING COTS COMPONENT FUNCTIONAL SUITABILITY Alejandra Cechich Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina Email: acechich@uncoma.edu.ar Mario Piattini Escuela Superior de Informática, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, España Email: Mario.Piattini@uclm.es Keywords: Component-Based System Assessment, COTS components, Software Quality. Abstract: COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) components can be incorporated into other systems to help software developers to produce a new system, so that both artefacts – components and the system – form a single functional entity. In that way, developing software becomes a matter of balancing required and offered functionality between the parties. But required functionality is highly dependent on component’s users, i.e. stakeholders of a COTS component selection process. Inputs to this process include discussions with composers, reuse architects, business process coordinators, and so forth. In this paper, we present an approach for balancing stakeholder’s preferences, which can be used in the process of measuring functional suitability of COTS candidates. We describe and illustrate the use of our proposal to weight requirements of components and determine suitable COTS candidates for given software. 1 INTRODUCTION The last decade marked the first real attempt to turn software development into engineering through the concepts of component-based software engineering (CBSE) and commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components. It is clear that CBSE affects software quality in several ways, ranging from introducing new methods for selecting COTS components to defining a wide scope of testing principles and measurements (Cechich et al., 2003). The idea is to create high-quality parts and put them together. However, joining high quality parts not necessarily produces a high-quality system. At the same time, defining quality features able to be measured might mitigate the impact of selecting and integrating COTS components. Although measures are not straightforward to take, it might be possible to focus on different aspects of a component, which indirectly – or perhaps directly in some cases – provide metrics on the resulting composition. In that way, metrics might be used to improve the process of selecting and integrating I. Seruca et al. (eds.), Enterprise Information Systems VI, © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 177 177–184. components by reducing risks on decision-making tasks (Sedigh-Ali et al., 2001). Components are plugged into a software architecture that connects participating components and enforces interaction rules. The architectural options are high-level descriptions of components and their expected interactions. For instance, the model in Alexander and Blackburn (1999), supposes that there is an architectural definition of a system, whose behaviour has been depicted by scenarios or using an architecture description language (ADL). The model explores the evaluation of components using a specification-based testing strategy, and proposes a semantics distance measure that might be used as the basis for selecting a component from a set of candidates. Our proposal (Cechich and Piattini, 2004), has adapted this model as a basement for quality measurement. We express the semantics distance in terms of functional suitability measures, which provide a better identification of the different COTS functionalities. To do so, a system can be extended or instantiated through the use of some component type. Due several instantiations might occur, an
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 - DATAB
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS A WIRELESS A
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CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Honorary Presi
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Hung, P. (AUSTRALIA) Jahankhani, H.
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Invited Papers
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EVOLUTIONARY PROJECT MANAGEMENT: MU
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MANAGING COMPLEXITY OF ENTERPRISE I
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ASSESSING EFFORT PREDICTION MODELS
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ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CR
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since it means changing the relevan
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ACME-DB: AN ADAPTIVE CACHING MECHAN
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ACME-DB: AN ADAPTIVE CACHING MECHAN
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Hit Rate (%) ACME-DB: AN ADAPTIVE C
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5.3.6 Effect on all Policies by Int
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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This paper describes the data sampl
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The major limit A of the operation
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RELATIONAL SAMPLING FOR DATA QUALIT
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TOWARDS DESIGN RATIONALES OF SOFTWA
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((Brown et al., 1998), pp. 159-190,
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sive data filtering, presentation (
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• implementation changes in servi
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MEMORY MANAGEMENT FOR LARGE SCALE D
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Data Rate [bytes/sec] 1600000 14000
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E.g., DV Camcorder Camera Packets (
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Procedure CheckOptimal (n rs 1 ...n
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MEMORY MANAGEMENT FOR LARGE SCALE D
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PART 2 Artificial Intelligence and
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110 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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DYNAMIC MULTI-AGENT BASED VARIETY F
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PART 4 Software Agents and Internet
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CABA 2 L A BLISS PREDICTIVE COMPOSI
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Figure 4: Symbols emission in DAR-H
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they evidence a generalization erro
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A METHODOLOGY FOR INTERFACE DESIGN
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A CONTACT RECOMMENDER SYSTEM FOR A
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A CONTACT RECOMMENDER SYSTEM FOR A
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- "Going to the sources". The user
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Here are the matrix W and P for our
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EMOTION SYNTHESIS IN VIRTUAL ENVIRO
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theme turns out to be surprisingly
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6 FROM FEATURES TO SYMBOLS 6.1 Face
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Electronic Imaging 2000 Conference
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to the accessibility problem for th
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Figure 3: Hierarchical View of the
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4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK On th
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PERSONALISED RESOURCE DISCOVERY SEA
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profile, the user defines his curre
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Abdelkafi, N. .....................
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