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A WATER FUELLED ENGINE FOR FUTURE MARINE CRAFT MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (2) 2010 AZMAN ISMAIL*, BAKHTIAR ARIFF BAHARUDIN Department of Marine Construction and Maintenance Technology Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Received: 23 May 2010; Revised: 19 July 2010 ; Accepted: 22 July 2010 Feature Article 2 ABSTRACT The search for alternative energy is active in replacing the depletion of the reserve petroleum. The increase of oil price makes it more critical and suitable for new technology development. Therefore there is a need to develop a new and cost ‐saving technology especially for marine applications that meet severe regulations for environmental protection. The need for environment‐friendly engines is high to cater to this requirement nowadays. For whatever application, the cost competitiveness remains the most important. The water‐fuelled engine is the best solution. Water is available every‐ where and no need to worry about the rising oil price. While reducing emissions, it can save money and time, give more profit and at the same time keeping environment clean and preventing global warming. Keyword: Alternative energy, water fuel, hydrogen, electrolysis, environmental‐friendly. INTRODUCTION The price of oil keeps increasing but the re‐ serve oil keeps reducing and surely one day it will diminish. Therefore more research and development are needed to explore for new alternative energy to run the ships effectively at lower cost with abundant supply. Solar can be used as alternative sources, but there will be no light during night, therefore it cannot guarantee a constant supply. If wind is used, sometimes it blows well but sometimes it does not blow so much. Sometimes it can cause havoc (typhoon). In addition, the same problem can happen if using current (water/ wave) as energy sources. The water itself can be used as the main source of energy. Fur‐ thermore, the greenhouse effect will melt the iceberg in the Artic and Antarctica thus pro‐ *Corresponding Author: Tel.: +605‐6909055 Email Address: azman@mimet.unikl.edu.my ducing a lot of water. Good resource man‐ agement is needed to prevent more dry land being flooded by this enormous source of wa‐ ter. This water can be used as fuel for internal combustion engine and at the same time pre‐ venting the disaster from happening. Water covers 70% of the earth. Water con‐ tains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, H2O. By electrolysis process, water breaks into two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen gases. The hydrogen is used as fuel and release oxygen to the environment thus can prevent greenhouse effect. In order to enable hydrogen as fuel, a customised en‐ gine system is needed. The objective of the study is to expose and look at the possibility of water‐fuelled engine for future marine craft. | MARINE FRONTIER @ UniKL 15
Methodology In this case, water is used as fuel for in‐ ternal combustion engines in marine craft with minimal adjustment or changes. The equipment such as electrolysis chamber, control circuit and the water tank are the only changes needed to convert a petrol/diesel burning engine into a wa‐ ter burner. The existing battery and electrical system can be used to run this system easily. It requires no fancy storage or plumbing. Internal combustion is defined as a thermo‐vapor process since no liquid is in‐ volved in the reaction. Most people are un‐ aware that most of the petrol/diesel in a stan‐ dard internal combustion engine is actually consumed, (cooked, and finally, broken down) in the catalytic converter after the fuel has been partially burnt in the engine. This means that most of the fuel consumed is used only to MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (2) 2010 cool down the combustion process, a pollution ‐ridden and inefficient means of doing that. A water‐fuelled engine system is shown in the Figure 1.0. From the water tank, water will be channeled to the electrolysis chamber. The water is pumped sufficiently to replenish and maintain the liquid level in the electrolysis chamber. The water level in the electrolysis chamber is set and controlled so that it well submerses the stainless steel pipe electrodes and yet leave some headroom for the hydro‐ gen/oxygen vapor pressure to build up. The electrolysis chamber will vary in size with the size of the engine being used. For example, a quarter capacity is big enough for the ordinary car type engine (small engine). Fig. 1 : A water‐fuelled engine system. | MARINE FRONTIER @ UniKL 16
Page 2 and 3: EDITORIAL CHIEF EDITOR Prof. Dato
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Page 8 and 9: Table 1 ‐ Results of Stability Cr
Page 10 and 11: DO 20 J=1,7 REFF(J)=1+((J‐1)*1.5/
Page 12 and 13: Skeg Effectiveness Skeg Effectivene
Page 14 and 15: Skeg Effectiveness Skeg Effectivene
Page 18 and 19: Stainless steel pipes are used as e
Page 20 and 21: Current development Hydrogen Oceanj
Page 22 and 23: Car industry A small group of local
Page 24 and 25: Big oil companies. For business sur
Page 26 and 27: Websites: 1. http://www.schatzlab.o
Page 28 and 29: Table 1: Global maritime Fleet Rank
Page 30 and 31: No. of Ships No. of Ships 300 250 2
Page 32 and 33: time players is 30. The demand for
Page 34 and 35: References [1] UNCTAD, Review Marit
Page 36 and 37: Table 3 : Tug boat Registered in Ma
Page 38 and 39: NO SHIP NAME OWNER/OPERATOR GRT DWT
Page 42 and 43: MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (
Page 54 and 55: Table 8 : Tankers Registered in Mal
Page 58 and 59: Table 10: Passenger Ship Registered
Page 62 and 63: Table 11: Container Ships Registere
Page 64 and 65: age and appropriate steps must be t
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oxide or other anti‐oxidant addit
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MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (
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METHODOLOGY Description of Apparatu
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Preparation and procedure for Mecha
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Objective of the Research The resea
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Mean Median Table 3.1: Carrier Aspe
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From the result in Table 3.1, it sh
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adversely affecting ship operations
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distributed system and other equipm
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Knowledge based system is a compute
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Table 2. Measurements for Integrity
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Table 5. Measurements for Excellenc
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used to model the pneumatic transmi
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Figure 2: Transmission Line Diamete
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PDE equations (1) and (2). Comparis
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Since chemical products have high p
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Figure 6: Enclosed life boat with s
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UNIKL MIMET AND ALAM SHIP MANAGEMEN
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