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Table 11: Container Ships Registered in Malaysia (1996‐ 2006) NO SHIP NAME OWNER/OPERATOR GRT DWT NRT LENGTH (L) BREADTH (B) DEPTH (D) YEAR OF REGISTRY 1 Balt Harmoni Balt Orient Lines Sdn Bhd 14,135.00 1996 2 Able Helmsman Tauladan Gigih 4,337.00 6,596.00 98.00 16.50 8.40 1997 3 Budi Aman Budi Sukma Aman Sdn Bhd 11,982.00 1997 4 Budi Teguh Budi Sukma Teguh Sdn Bhd 11,982.00 1997 5 Bunga Mas Lima MISC Bhd 8,957.00 8,775.00 121.26 22.70 10.80 1997 6 Bunga Mas Enam MISC Bhd 8,957.00 1997 7 Bunga Mas Tujuh MISC Bhd 8,957.00 1997 8 Bunga Mas Lapan MISC Bhd 8,957.00 1998 9 Bunga Mas 9 MISC Bhd 9,380.00 12,550.00 134.00 22.00 11.00 1998 10 Bunga mas 10 MISC Bhd 9,380.00 1998 11 Bougainvilla Chatlink Sdn Bhd 4,226.00 5,788.00 99.99 16.00 8.45 1999 MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (2) 2010 | MARINE FRONTIER @ UniKL 61
MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (2) 2010 Feature Article 4 FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE USAGE OF PALM OIL AS ALTERNATIVE NON PETROLEUM‐BASED HYDRAULIC FLUID IN MARINE APPLICATION AZRI HAMIM AB ADZIS* Department of Advance Science & Advance Technology Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Received: 21 May 2010; Revised: 9 July 2010 ; Accepted: 13 July 2010 ABSTRACT Most hydraulic applications on land or sea utilize petroleum‐based hydraulic fluid as the working fluid. Fluid leakages are quite common and in marine application fluid are easily leaked into sea water causing pollutions. An alternative hydraulic fluid with similar properties as petroleum‐based fluids at lower cost is required to be used in marine applications to mini‐ mize impact on the environment. Water‐based or synthetic fluids such as water‐glycol, phosphate ether and synthetic esters are expensive and have certain disadvantages compared with petroleum‐based fluid such as relatively low operat‐ ing temperature, viscosity changes with temperature fluctuation and corrosive against rubber seal. An alternative fluid may inhibit some of the above weaknesses but can be acceptable if the cost is lower. The purpose of this case study is to determine the suitability of palm oil mixture as hydraulic fluid with similar capabilities with petroleum based fluid. (Data on palm oil properties are to be obtained from literature research and a comparison with petroleum based fluid will be made). Suitability will be determined from the fluids’ suitability to maintain viscosity at very high pressure and varying temperature and also its impact on the environment. Further research on palm oil characteristic in high pressure pumps and hydraulic equipments compatibility is needed. Keyword: Hydraulics fluid, palm oil, marine, alternative 1. INTRODUCTION Hydraulics always leaks! It may sound like a catchy commercial but most hydraulic users will testify on the truthfulness of the state‐ ment. As the most common hydraulic fluid base is mineral oil or petroleum based oil, any leakage can be considered as a potential envi‐ ronmental disaster related to petroleum products. These petroleum products and other additive in the hydraulic fluids can harm the marine life and wreck havoc to the eco‐ system. Experience from past incidents of petroleum spills shows that irreparable harm to the environment as seen in the Exxon Val‐ dez oil spill where thousands of marine ani‐ mals were killed [1]. While a disaster of such magnitude may not be a suitable comparison *Corresponding Author: Tel.: +605‐6909055 Email address: azri@mimet.unikl.edu.my with leaks of hydraulics fluids, the fact re‐ mains that petroleum byproducts are harmful to the environment. The problems with petroleum based hydraulic fluids are the non‐biodegradability of the fluid and the harmful effect it has on the environ‐ ments. Any spills can kill of marine life or con‐ taminate the environments making the spillage site to be inhabitable for a long period. Additionally, the toxicity of most hydraulic fluid additives and the occupational health and safety issue, lead to an environmentally safer alternative of petroleum based fluids in environmental sensitive areas. The New York State Department of Environ‐ mental Conservation, NYSDEC, legally required the reporting of any petroleum products spill‐ | MARINE FRONTIER @ UniKL 62
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EDITORIAL CHIEF EDITOR Prof. Dato
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DIRECTIONAL STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S
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The determinant from equations (3)
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Table 1 ‐ Results of Stability Cr
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DO 20 J=1,7 REFF(J)=1+((J‐1)*1.5/
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PDE equations (1) and (2). Comparis
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MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (
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Since chemical products have high p
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Figure 6: Enclosed life boat with s
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UNIKL MIMET AND ALAM SHIP MANAGEMEN
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MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (
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