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MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (2) 2010 Feature Article 5 JOINING OF DISSIMILAR MATERIALS BY DIFFUSION BONDING/ DIFFUSION WELDING FOR SHIP APPLICATION FAUZUDDIN AYOB* Department of Marine Design Technology Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Received: 20 September 2010; Revised: 27 October 2010 ; Accepted: 28 October 2010 ABSTRACT The diffusion bonding process is normally used to fabricate parts that require high quality and strong welds, involving intricate parts that are costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional means or when the materials used are not suitable in a conventional fabrication process. This specialized welding process has found considerable acceptance in the manufacturing of aerospace, nuclear and electronics components. Explosion bonding/ welding is being applied in the mass production of ‘triclad’ of aluminum and steel joining which used as transition joints for ship of steel hull and aluminum superstructure and other ship applications. Some disadvantages of this process are it requires high energy explosive materials to be used and have to be conducted remotely as it produces incredible noise. Diffusion bonding shall be explored as the alternative process to the production of these transition joints. Keywords: Diffusion, bonding, welding, explosion bonding DEFINITION AND PRINCIPLE OF DIFFUSION BONDING Referring to the “AWS Master Chart of Weld‐ ing Processes” of American Welding Society, a *Corresponding Author: Tel.: +605‐6909002 Email address: fauzuddin@mimet.unikl.edu.my relationship between diffusion bonding/ diffu‐ sion welding with other solid state welding processes as well as other available welding processes was derived as in Fig. 1 | MARINE FRONTIER @ UniKL 69
Diffusion bonding is a joining process between materials wherein the principal mechanism for joint formation is solid state diffusion. Coales‐ cence of the faying surface is accomplished through the application of pressure at evevated temperature. No melting and only limited macro‐ scopic deformation or relative motion of the parts occurs during bonding. Microscopic deformation followed by recrystallization occurs. Near the bond zone, self diffusion in the same materials and inter diffusion between the materials takes place simultaneously. New crystalline forms of the original elements and inter‐metallic compounds may grow during the process (Paulonis, “Diffusion Welding and Brazing”). Other terms which are sometimes used synony‐ mously with diffusion bonding include diffusion welding, solid state bonding, pressure bonding, isostatic bonding , and hot press bonding. A three‐stage mechanistic model, as de‐ scribed by Paulonis (“Advanced Diffusion Weld‐ ing Process”), shows the weld formation by diffu‐ sion bonding. See Fig. 2 OBJECTIVE To describe the concept of diffusion bonding/ MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (2) 2010 welding on the joining of dissimilar materials such as aluminum alloy and steel of various car‐ bon contents for ship applications. OUTCOMES The expected outcomes of this brief paper are: The influences of the bonding process parame‐ ters such as bonding pressure, temperatures, holding time (duration of pressure), vacuuming and the effect of the post‐bond heat treatment on the mechanical and metallographic proper‐ ties of aluminum and steel joining would be able to be analyzed, discussed and established. The effect of various carbon contents in steel and aluminum alloys on the joints properties will also be able to be analyzed, discussed and established. Optimum conditions and parameters of diffusion bonding that would result in ultimate strength and quality characteristics of diffusion bonded steel to aluminum alloy are able to be determined. The above expected outcomes would make possi‐ ble for the industrial production of aluminum and steel joining by diffusion bonding for ship applica‐ tions | MARINE FRONTIER @ UniKL 70
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EDITORIAL CHIEF EDITOR Prof. Dato
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DIRECTIONAL STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S
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The determinant from equations (3)
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Table 1 ‐ Results of Stability Cr
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MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (
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