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Preparation and procedure for Mechanical Properties Testing Tensile test are carried out at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min at room temperature. The ultimate strength and location of fracture are determined. The fractured surfaces are analyzed by X‐ray diffractometer using Cu‐k radiation. Fractured surfaces are observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and fractographs ex‐ amined. SEM photographs of these interface fractured specimens are also taken. The metallographic specimens are also used for hardness testing. In this test, the microhard‐ ness tester of the Vickers hardness testing ma‐ chine is employed with loads of 5 and 10 grams. The hardness is measured across the bonding interface. BENEFITS OF DIFFUSION BONDING/ WELDING The diffusion bonding process is normally used to fabricate parts, when highly‐quality and high‐ strength welds are required, where part shapes are intricate and would be costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional means or when the materials used possess unique properties that interfere with, or area difficult to maintain during conventional fabrication processing. This specialized welding process has found consider‐ able acceptance in the manufacturing of aero‐ space, nuclear and electronics components. Further research of this concept would be beneficial at University level as it will focus on the development and validation of new joining techniques specifically for the dissimilar materi‐ als such as between steel and aluminum alloy. The potential success of a possible research will contribute enormously to the development of a new welding technology and scientific knowl‐ edge to the university and as an alternative fab‐ rication and production methods in the marine and other related industries. Joining of alumin‐ MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (2) 2010 ium superstructure to steel deck and aluminium decks (or even bulkheads) to steel hulls and other ship’s components fabrication, fitting and mounting are examples of possibility of utilizing diffusion bonding technique in marine construc‐ tion. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Realizing the important and benefits of the diffu‐ sion bonding/ welding as mentioned above, it is recommended that further research to be con‐ ducted at UniKL MIMET that would benefit the aca‐ demic fraternity in particular and the related indus‐ tries in general. REFERENCES 1.AWS. 1938. “The AWS Master Chart of Welding Process”. AWS Welding Handbook American Welding Society, Miami, Florida 2.D.F. Paulonis, “Diffusion Welding and Brazing”, Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group, United Technologies, USA. 3. D.F. Paulonis, “Advanced Diffusion Welding Process”, Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group, United Technologies, USA. 4.Tadashi Momono, 1990. “Diffusion Bonding of Cast Iron to Steel under Atmospheric Pressure”, Casting Science and Tech‐ nology, The Japan Foundrymen Society, Japan. | MARINE FRONTIER @ UniKL 73
MIMET Technical Bulletin Volume 1 (2) 2010 Feature Article 6 DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING THE CARRIAGE OF LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) WITHIN COASTAL WATER FROM CARRIER ASPECT (OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE) ASMAWI BIN ABDUL MALIK* Department of Marine Construction & Maintenance Technology Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Received: 12 July 2010; Revised: 2 August 2010 ; Accepted: 18 August 2010 ABSTRACT The inevitable LNG evolution into coastal waters had reflected the lack and absence of clear guidelines on legal frame‐ work for governing the carriage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) within coastal water. IMO (Agenda item 21, MSC 83/ INF.3/2007) does not pay much attention to sustainable coastal water transport development due to the novelty of such industry and the traditional procedures of UN developmental bodies, that normally needs sufficient time to consider new and emerging phenomenon in their agenda of work. Thus it is a major source of inefficiency and unsafe operation of the LNG carriage along the coast line. To date, there is no extension for LNG carriage within coastal waters on every estab‐ lished rules and regulation. The main purpose of this study is to develop a legal framework model for the LNG transporta‐ tion and carriage by using the IDEF0 structured modeling technique. The modeling process is divided into three phases, (i) the information gathering, (ii) the model development and (ii) the experts’ evaluation and validation. In the first phase, information on existing current legal practices were obtained through the literature study from applicable rules, regula‐ tions, conventions, procedures, policies, research papers and accident cases. In the second phase, a process model was drafted through an iterative process using the IDEF0 and the questionnaire is developed. From the questionnaire pilot test, each question blocks has shown an acceptable Cronbach’s Alpha value which is above 0.70. In the third phase, the preliminary of legal framework model is tested through forty five (45) potential respondents from various fields in legal practices and thirty eight (38) responded. A promising result was obtained where data exhibit normal distribution trend, even though every group has their own stand on the legal framework. The ANOVA output has generated P‐values of 0.000. If P is less than or equal to the a‐level, one or more mean value are significantly different. Through data correla‐ tion test, the correlated element blocks show a range of 0.0 to 0.4. A legal framework model for the LNG carriage within coastal water was constructed in the stand alone mode covering each aspect. Keywords: Legal framework model, LNG carriage, structured modelling technique definition, Cronbach’s Alpha, ANOVA and Correlation. INTRODUCTION In tandem with the increasing Liquefied Natu‐ ral Gas (LNG) production in the emerging mar‐ ket, the LNG is depleting fast and will be re‐ quired on a major scale to feed the world’s biggest gas market. Therefore, attention is needed to focus largely on the safety and secu‐ rity of LNG transported by marine transporta‐ tion at commercial facilities near populated areas. As the nation’s LNG facility become de‐ veloped, there is no special framework for the *Corresponding Author: Tel.: +605‐6909051 Email address: asmawiam@mimet.unikl.edu.my LNG coastal transportation. In response to the overall safety and security environment re‐ quirement, it is wise to seek a coastal water legal framework covering a broader under‐ standing of hazardous chemical marine ship‐ ments and efforts to secure them. Recognizing these fatal factors is important in promoting for a legal framework for LNG transportation in coastal water. | MARINE FRONTIER @ UniKL 74
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EDITORIAL CHIEF EDITOR Prof. Dato
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DIRECTIONAL STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S
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The determinant from equations (3)
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Table 1 ‐ Results of Stability Cr
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Skeg Effectiveness Skeg Effectivene
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Skeg Effectiveness Skeg Effectivene
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Current development Hydrogen Oceanj
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Car industry A small group of local
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Page 34 and 35: References [1] UNCTAD, Review Marit
Page 36 and 37: Table 3 : Tug boat Registered in Ma
Page 38 and 39: NO SHIP NAME OWNER/OPERATOR GRT DWT
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Page 58 and 59: Table 10: Passenger Ship Registered
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Page 76 and 77: Objective of the Research The resea
Page 78 and 79: Figure 2.1: LNG Trade Volume 1998,
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