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Annexe: Publication parue dans le journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (http://www.atmos-chem-phys- discuss.net/9/16163/2009/acpd-9-16163-2009.html) 109
More evidence for very short-lived substance contribution to stratospheric chlorine inferred from HCl balloon-borne in situ measurements in the tropics Y. Mébarki, V. Catoire, N. Huret, G. Berthet, C. Robert and G. Poulet Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace (LPC2E), UMR 6115 CNRS–Université d’Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France Correspondence to: V. Catoire (Valery.Catoire@cnrs-orleans.fr) Abstract Volume mixing ratio (vmr) vertical profiles of hydrogen chloride (HCl) are retrieved from in situ measurements performed by a balloon-borne infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (SPIRALE) during two balloon flights in the tropics (Teresina, Brazil, 5.1°S– 42.9°W) in June 2005 and June 2008. HCl vertical profiles obtained from 15 to 31 km are presented and analysed to estimate the contribution of very short-lived substances (VSLS) to total stratospheric chlorine. Both retrieved vertical profiles of HCl from these flights agree very well with each other, with estimated overall uncertainties of 6% on vmr between 23 and 31 km. Upper limits of HCl vmr as low as 20 pptv in June 2008 and 30 pptv in June 2005 are inferred in the upper part of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Backward trajectory calculations and such low amounts suggest that the air masses sampled correspond to typical background conditions, i.e. neither influenced by recent tropospheric nor stratospheric air. Taking into account the recently reported VSL source gas measurements obtained in similar conditions (Laube et al. 2008) and the main intermediate degradation product gas COCl2 (Fu et al., 2007), a total VSLS contribution of 85±40 pptv to stratospheric chlorine is inferred. This refines the WMO (2007) estimation of 50 to 100 pptv, which was not taking into account any HCl contribution. In addition, comparisons of HCl measurements between SPIRALE and the Aura MLS satellite instrument in the tropical lower and middle stratosphere lead to a very good agreement. The previous agreement between MLS-deduced upper stratospheric total chlorine content and modelled values including 100 pptv of VSLS (Froidevaux et al., 2006) is thus supported by our present result about the VSLS contribution. 110
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UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS ÉCOLE DOC
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Il y a une personne qui n’a pas e
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CHAPITRE 3 SIMULATION ET INVERSION
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prépondérant. Cependant, les mesu
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CHAPITRE 1 CONTEXTE SCIENTIFIQUE A)
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Figure 1-1 - Profil vertical de tem
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∂θ est le terme de stabilité st
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A.2.2 Circulation stratosphérique
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adiatif de cette couche et agissent
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et 3.5 PVU (Hoerling et al., 1991),
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Il est utile de mentionner que les
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trillion in volume » : pptv). Tout
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Les principales sources de chlore s
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CCl4 ou le méthyl chloroforme CH3C
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Figure 1-7 - Distributions latitudi
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Parallèlement aux mesures satellit
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cette estimation. Ainsi, ces désac
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HO2 + ClO → HOCl + O2 (1.25) HOCl
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CHAPITRE 2 MESURES DE COMPOSES ATMO
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de 0.8 μm à 2.5 μm environ, l’
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- Elargissement naturel: Il trouve
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g ( % ν ) = g ( % ν ) ⊗ g ( %
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2.2. Description de l’instrument
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diode est refroidi à l’azote liq
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d’échelle de nombre d’onde) a
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Pour étalonner de manière absolue
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en particulier de la fonction d’a
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Figure 2-10 - Procédure d’ajuste
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CHAPITRE 3 SIMULATION ET INVERSION
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d’absorption attendus pour chaque
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Figure 3-3 - Profil vertical de rap
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Page 74 and 75: Le premier vol de SPIRALE en régio
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Page 78 and 79: Figure 3-14 - Profils verticaux de
Page 80 and 81: du second vol tropical de SPIRALE,
Page 82 and 83: Dans ce chapitre, nous abordons l
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Page 94 and 95: SPIRALE, 22 Juin 2005 Easterly Alti
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Page 102 and 103: Niveaux de pression (hPa) N# de poi
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Page 108 and 109: Références bibliographiques Appen
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Page 112 and 113: Romaroson, R.. et al., A box model
Page 116 and 117: 1 Introduction Active chlorine spec
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