As a conclusion, the present paper, based on HCl in situ measurements combined with examination of dynamical conditions, helps to quantify the influence of VSLS on the stratospheric chlorine content as required by WMO (2007). Finally further investigations in the TTL and tropical stratosphere would help to quantify the influence of season, location and <strong>de</strong>ep convection on this contribution. Acknowledgements The authors thank G. Moreau (LPC2E) for fruitful discussions, the LPC2E SPIRALE technical team (L. Pomathiod, B. Gaubicher, M. Chartier, G. Chalumeau, G. Jann<strong>et</strong>, S. Chevrier, M.-A. Drouin) for the instrument preparation, the CNES balloon team for successful operations, and A. Hauchecorne for providing the MIMOSA advection mo<strong>de</strong>l data. The authors also thank the European Space Agency (ESA) for funding the 2005 flight as part of the Envisat validation program and the European Commission for funding the 2008 flight through the Integrated Project SCOUT-O3 (505390-GOCE-CT-2004). References Bernath, P. F., McElroy, C. T., Abrams, M. C., Boone, C. D., Butler, M., Camy-Peyr<strong>et</strong>, C., Carleer, M., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P.-F., Colin, R., DeCola, P., DeMazière, M., Drummond, J. R., Dufour, D., Evans, W. F. J., Fast, H., Fussen, D., Gilbert, K., Jennings, D. E., Llewellyn, E. J., Lowe, R. P., Mahieu, E., McConnell, J. C., McHugh, M., McLeod, S. D., Michaud, R., Midwinter, C., Nassar, R., Nichitiu, F., Nowlan, C., Rinsland, C. P., Rochon, Y. J., Rowlands, N., Semeniuk, K., Simon, P., Skelton, R., Sloan, J. J., Soucy, M.- A., Strong, K., Tremblay, P., Turnbull, D., Walker, K. A., Walkty, I., Wardle, D. A., Wehrle, V., Zan<strong>de</strong>r, R., and Zou, J.: Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE): Mission overview, Geophys. Res. L<strong>et</strong>t., 32, L15S01, doi:10.1029/2005GL022386, 2005. Berth<strong>et</strong>, G., Hur<strong>et</strong>, N., Lefèvre, F., Moreau, G., Robert, C., Chartier, M., Catoire, V., Barr<strong>et</strong>, B., Pisso, I., and Pomathiod, L.: On the ability of chemical transport mo<strong>de</strong>ls to simulate the vertical structure of the N2O, NO2 and HNO3 species in the mid-latitu<strong>de</strong> stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1599-1609, 2006. 125
Berth<strong>et</strong>, G., Renard, J.-B., Catoire, V. Chartier, M. Robert, C., Hur<strong>et</strong>, N., Coquel<strong>et</strong>, F., Bourgeois, Q., Rivière, E. D., Barr<strong>et</strong>, B., Lefèvre, F., and Hauchecorne, A.: Remote sensing measurements in the polar vortex: comparison to in situ observations and implications for the simultaneous r<strong>et</strong>rievals and analysis of the NO2 and OClO species, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D21310, doi:10.1029/2007JD008699, 2007a. Berth<strong>et</strong>, G., Esler, J. G., and Haynes, P. H.: A Lagrangian perspective of the tropopause and the ventilation of the lowermost stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18102, doi:10.1029/2006JD008295, 2007b. Cooper, D. E., and Warren, R. E.: Two-tones optical h<strong>et</strong>erodyne spectroscopy with dio<strong>de</strong> lasers: Theory of line shapes and experimental results, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 4, 470–480, 1987. Chen, Y., Shi, C. and Zheng, B.: HCl Quasi-Biennal Oscillation in the stratosphere and a comparison with ozone QBO, Adv.Atmos.Sci., 22 (5), 751–758, 2005. Edmonds, M., Pyle, D., and Oppenheimer, C.: HCl emissions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies, during a second phase of dome building: November 1999 to October 2000, B. Volcanol., 64, 21–30, 2002. Engel, A., Mobius, T., Haase, H.-P., Bonisch, H., W<strong>et</strong>ter, T., Schmidt, U., Levin, I., Reddmann, T., Oelhaf, H., W<strong>et</strong>zel, G., Grunow, K., Hur<strong>et</strong>, N., and Pirre, M.: Observation of mesospheric air insi<strong>de</strong> the arctic stratospheric polar vortex in early 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 267–282, 2006. 126
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UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS ÉCOLE DOC
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Il y a une personne qui n’a pas e
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CHAPITRE 3 SIMULATION ET INVERSION
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prépondérant. Cependant, les mesu
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CHAPITRE 1 CONTEXTE SCIENTIFIQUE A)
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Figure 1-1 - Profil vertical de tem
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∂θ est le terme de stabilité st
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A.2.2 Circulation stratosphérique
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adiatif de cette couche et agissent
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et 3.5 PVU (Hoerling et al., 1991),
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Il est utile de mentionner que les
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trillion in volume » : pptv). Tout
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Les principales sources de chlore s
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CCl4 ou le méthyl chloroforme CH3C
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Figure 1-7 - Distributions latitudi
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Parallèlement aux mesures satellit
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cette estimation. Ainsi, ces désac
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HO2 + ClO → HOCl + O2 (1.25) HOCl
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CHAPITRE 2 MESURES DE COMPOSES ATMO
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de 0.8 μm à 2.5 μm environ, l’
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- Elargissement naturel: Il trouve
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g ( % ν ) = g ( % ν ) ⊗ g ( %
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2.2. Description de l’instrument
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diode est refroidi à l’azote liq
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d’échelle de nombre d’onde) a
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Pour étalonner de manière absolue
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en particulier de la fonction d’a
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Figure 2-10 - Procédure d’ajuste
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CHAPITRE 3 SIMULATION ET INVERSION
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d’absorption attendus pour chaque
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Figure 3-3 - Profil vertical de rap
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Figure 3-5 - Raies d’absorption d
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du choix. Notons que La raie à 283
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mesure correcte de formaldéhyde re
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3.2.4 Etalonnage des raies d’abso
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Nous trouvons donc un bon accord en
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Le premier vol de SPIRALE en régio
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On constate que des valeurs de temp
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Figure 3-14 - Profils verticaux de
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