13.07.2015 Views

Systems Thinking e System Dynamics. L'arte di capire la dinamica ...

Systems Thinking e System Dynamics. L'arte di capire la dinamica ...

Systems Thinking e System Dynamics. L'arte di capire la dinamica ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS
  • No tags were found...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Mel<strong>la</strong> P. - <strong><strong>System</strong>s</strong> <strong>Thinking</strong> e <strong>System</strong> <strong>Dynamics</strong>. L’arte <strong>di</strong> <strong>capire</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>di</strong>namica ed il controllo dei sistemi.La costruzione dei Causal Loop Diagram è un passo fondamentale per “vedere” e <strong>capire</strong> i sistemiche agiscono attorno a noi e che interagiscono con il nostro comportamento. Poiché il <strong><strong>System</strong>s</strong><strong>Thinking</strong>, per sua natura, considera i sistemi <strong>di</strong>namici, è naturale sviluppare tecniche <strong>di</strong> simu<strong>la</strong>zioneper cercare <strong>di</strong> rappresentare numericamente e graficamente le successioni dei valori generatidall’azione del sistema stu<strong>di</strong>ato, come nei tentativi perseguiti nel Paragrafo precedente.Il <strong><strong>System</strong>s</strong> <strong>Thinking</strong>, nel<strong>la</strong> sua espressione quantitativa, volta al<strong>la</strong> simu<strong>la</strong>zione, è comunementenoto come stu<strong>di</strong>o del<strong>la</strong> <strong>di</strong>namica dei sistemi <strong>di</strong>namici o (Dynamic) <strong>System</strong> <strong>Dynamics</strong>, <strong>di</strong>sciplinache si fa unanimemente risalire a Jay Forrester con il suo fondamentale testo Industrial<strong>Dynamics</strong> (Forrester 1961).In un recente articolo, il Fondatore così <strong>la</strong> definisce:«Dynamic <strong>System</strong> dynamics is a professional field that deals with the complexity of systems.<strong>System</strong> dynamics is the necessary foundation underlying effective thinking about systems.<strong>System</strong> dynamics deals with how things change through time, which covers most of whatmost people find important. <strong>System</strong> dynamics involves interpreting real life systems intocomputer simu<strong>la</strong>tion models that allow one to see how the structure and decision-makingpolicies in a system create its behavior.» (Forrester, 1999).Il metodo del <strong>System</strong> <strong>Dynamics</strong> appare chiarito dallo stesso Forrester:«<strong>System</strong> dynamics combines the theory, methods, and philosophy needed to analyze the behaviorof systems in not only management, but also in environmental change, politics, economicbehavior, me<strong>di</strong>cine, engineering, and other fields. <strong>System</strong> dynamics provides a commonfoundation that can be applied wherever we want to understand and influence howthings change through time. The system dynamics process starts from a problem to besolved – a situation that needs to be better understood, or an undesirable behavior that is tobe corrected or avoided. The first step is to tap the wealth of information that people possessin their heads. […] <strong>System</strong> dynamics uses concepts drawn from the field of feedbackcontrol to organize avai<strong>la</strong>ble information into computer simu<strong>la</strong>tion models.»: (Forrester,1991: 5).Poiché <strong>System</strong> <strong>Dynamics</strong> e <strong><strong>System</strong>s</strong> <strong>Thinking</strong> sono <strong>di</strong>scipline che coprono lo stesso campodel sapere, viene il dubbio <strong>di</strong> quale possa essere considerata originaria e quale derivata.Il <strong><strong>System</strong>s</strong> <strong>Thinking</strong> rappresenta una generalizzazione del <strong>System</strong> <strong>Dynamics</strong> oppure il<strong>System</strong> <strong>Dynamics</strong> è una specializzazione operativa del <strong><strong>System</strong>s</strong> <strong>Thinking</strong>? Non si deve ricercarese sia nato prima l’uovo o <strong>la</strong> gallina: <strong>la</strong> risposta si trova nel sito del<strong>la</strong> <strong>System</strong> Dynamic Society:«What is the re<strong>la</strong>tionship of <strong><strong>System</strong>s</strong> <strong>Thinking</strong> to <strong>System</strong> <strong>Dynamics</strong>? <strong><strong>System</strong>s</strong> thinking looksat exactly the same kind of systems from the same perspective. It constructs the sameCausal-Loop-Diagram. But it rarely takes the ad<strong>di</strong>tional steps of constructing and testing acomputer simu<strong>la</strong>tion model, and testing alternative policies in the model.».10 – La rilevanza dei sistemi <strong>di</strong> controllo170© 2003 www.ea2000.it -

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!