PROSJEKT BRYGGEN - Hordaland fylkeskommune

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9. 06. Avvik fra kalkyle. Kalkulerte byggekostnader i 1998. kr. 2 422 800 Prisstigning fra sept. 1998 til sept. 2005. i hht. SSB – 26,3% for enebolig i tre. kr. 637 196 Kalkulerte byggekostnader justert for prisstigning ca. kr. 3 060 000 Byggekostnadene i 2005 for bygning 4e ble ca kr. 210 000 eller ca 7% høyere enn det beløpet som var kalkulert i 1998. I fht. kalkylene ble det fornyet en god del mer lafteplank i tømmerkassen enn beregnet. Dette var tidkrevende arbeide. I tillegg gikk det nok noe mertid på at istandsettingen ble gjennomført som et pilotprosjekt. Stiftelsen Bryggen arkitekt E.Mørk 09.11.2006. Rev. 26.11.07. Rev. 06.03.08. SUMMARY. The Bryggen Project. The Bryggen Project started in 2000 as a repair/restoration programme for the suite of wooden buildings that makes up the World Heritage Site of Bryggen. The project’s objective is to raise the standard of the buildings to a level where their future upkeep will require no more than ordinary maintenance. Building no 4e in the Svensgården tenement. Bryggen is the remaining part of an ancient warehouse quarter on the eastern shore of Vågen, the central harbour of Bergen. Within the site there are 61 listed building, most of them reconstructed in wood after the city fire in 1702. Building no 4e is one of the site’s smallest buildings, consisting of a timber casing with a single ground-floor room of 5 by 6 metres and a height of 3.3 metres (the longitudinal axis runs perpendicular to the waterfront). The casing is built up of timber planks fitted on top of each other and corner-jointed. The attic was replaced by a simple rafter structure with sheet-metal roofing. The foundations are single, shallow, dry-stone walls laid on the ground. Documentation and surveying. The basic documentation was done by “hand-measurement” of the building at a scale of 1:20, with the use of x, y and z grid lines laid out with white string. This was supplemented with systematic photographic recording of all elements. All photos are catalogued with a map showing the position of the camera and a written description of the motif. The technical survey of the building comprised a written description of all the individual elements and their state of repair. Damages to elements are noted on a set of the survey drawings, along with an estimate of the age of each element. The summary for research and development purposes at the back of this report also gives a detailed description of the chronology of the former interventions and the technical condition of the building. The state of repair. The building was generally in a very poor state of repair before its restoration started. The attic and roof had been replaced by a simple provisional structure with modern wooden elements supporting a roofing of corrugated iron. The timber walls in the casing were tied together at the corners by provisional uprights inside and outside, the pairs of uprights being fastened together with modern 48
screw bolts. Apart from in the north-western corner, most of the notches that originally held the walls of the timber casing together in the traditional way had long since succumbed to fungal attack. There was severe damage to a great deal of the wood, especially the softwood. As for the building’s earlier wooden floor, it had been covered by a reinforced concrete slab 8-14 centimetres thick. Some of the floorboards were found to have a water content of close to 100%! The rest was badly damaged by fungus. Neglected maintenance and the provisional repair after the explosion in 1944 had reduced the original substance of the building heavily. The sheet-metal roofing and the sprinkler system had probably helped save the stumps. The method of repair. How to repair such a wreck of a building – and still manage to keep its authenticity? After intense discussions we decided that the best way to carry out a decent and solid repair of the building with the use of traditional techniques was to dismantle it piece by piece, and then rebuild and restore the elements one by one. One of the main advantages of the method was that it would enable us to study the building techniques in detail throughout the process of reconstruction. The disadvantage was the risk of loosing authenticity concerning the original fabric of the building.. As far as Bryggen is concerned, this method of restoration has been used on only a handful of buildings that had to be moved lock, stock and barrel to other parts of the historic area. Normally the buildings are repaired in situ. The restoration. From the technical viewpoint, the repair had to enable the building to endure the normal loading and wear resulting from use, from the local climate and from the settling of the ground – and with a perspective of at least 100 years. This meant that the timber casing had to be restored to take the compressions and stresses that it was originally built to withstand. Normally it is standard procedure at Bryggen to retain as many as possible of the historical changes to the original fabric. However, there is also general agreement on the principle that genuine decay and simple, provisional replacements are not to be kept and repaired. At the same time, it is important to keep as much as possible of the original and old materials (a copy always has limits when it comes to visitor experience and the communication of cultural history). The cultural aim of the repairs to building 4e was to restore the building to the state prior to the damages caused by the explosion in 1944. There seemed to be hard evidence indicating that the building had remained relatively intact until this stage, when the decay set in. The repair work was to be carried out with traditional materials and craftsmanship. After dismantling the building, the foundations were excavated and documented using the same methods as applied to medieval archaeology. The floor’s foundation floor consisted of squaresectioned wooden joists, laid out on a fill-layer of clay, sand and small stones deposited within the perimeter of the dry-stone foundations. Under this fill we found a cobblestone floor and parts of some stone walls, the latter probably originally belonging to a late medieval stone-cellar. (Stonecellars in the Bryggen area are normally above-ground structures.) The fact that building 4e was constructed on top of the remains of a medieval stone cellar illustrates the essence of the development of the heritage area: the listed buildings stand on top of level upon level of older settlements stretching back to the 11 th century. Tests showed that the clay/sand fill-layer and the materials of the floors were heavily polluted with heavy metals and PAHs, probably deriving from the storage of oils, paints and tar in the building sometime in the past. It was also determined that the fill-layer, if left in place, would give off noxious vapours reaching harmful levels – and we very much wanted to expose the stone-cellar and the cobblestone floor. It was therefore decided to remove the fill-layer entirely – and to subsequently install a plexiglas window in the floor to allow viewing. The dry-stone walls were kept, partially strengthened, partially repaired and renewed. The timber casing was reconstructed plank by plank. New woodwork was slotted in where the original materials had rotted away. Because of the extensive damages at the corners, only planks in the middle section of the eastern wall were retained. The ends of each wall plank had to be replaced with new timber to re-establish the corner-jointing. All repairs to the existing planks and the manufacture of new ones were carried out the traditional way. The round timbers were roughly flattened on opposite sides with a broad axe by means of a technique locally called “laskhugging”. Then the sides were scanted (the Norwegian term is skantet) – i.e., made more flat/smooth – with the broad axe. 49
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V E R D E N S K U L T U R M I N N E
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Hordaland fylkeskommune Trykkeriet
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samarbeidet tett med SBs tømrersta
Page 8 and 9: 3. 01.09. Arkitektens dagbok……
Page 11 and 12: 0. 00. INNLEDNING. I slutten av 199
Page 13 and 14: Fig.2. Bygning 4e, nordre Svensgår
Page 15 and 16: 2. 03. Pilotprosjekter. Riksantikva
Page 17 and 18: 2. 03.2. Rapport fra FoU-arbeidet.
Page 19 and 20: 3. 01.01. Fotogrammetrisk opptak og
Page 21 and 22: ygningen ble bevart og gjenbrukt ve
Page 23 and 24: 3. 01.12. 3-D modell. Som et prøve
Page 25 and 26: 3. 04. Søknader i fht. lovverk m.m
Page 27 and 28: ( F.eks. er all lafteplank levert s
Page 29 and 30: 4. 01.04. HMS. Det ble utarbeidet e
Page 31 and 32: da Svensgården ble istandsatt og o
Page 33 and 34: Pga. den relativt høye konsentrasj
Page 35 and 36: Fig.24. Bygning 4e. Tilstanden for
Page 37 and 38: Fig.27. Bygning 4e. Gjenreisning og
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Page 41 and 42: Fig. 33. Bygning 4e. Østvegg etter
Page 43 and 44: Fig.37. Bygning 4e. Vestvegg, innve
Page 45 and 46: Fig.40. Bygning 4e. Innlegging av g
Page 47 and 48: Fig.43. Bygning 4e. Sperr og ark fe
Page 49 and 50: oppsiden. Dette er et lite håndhol
Page 51 and 52: Fig.45. Bygning 4e. Nordøstre nov
Page 53 and 54: 5. 00 TRADISJONSHÅNDVERK. 5. 01. V
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Page 57: Timesatsene inkluderer lønnsutgift
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APPENDIX 1. PROSJEKT BRYGGEN. Pilot
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Appendix 4. Oppmåling av fasaden m
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Hovedutfordringen til FoU-gruppen h
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fundamentert på en fylling av pukk
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Bygning 4e. Plan av grunnmur og gul
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02. Byggeskikk, bygningshistorie og
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Bygning 4e. Dråpefallet mellom Sve
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Likeledes er det spor i en del av t
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opplengjere på innsiden av nordveg
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Bygning 4e. Under demontering av si
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Oppmålingssettet fra 1900 er veldi
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02. Gulvbjelker. Alle gulvbjelkene
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Bygning 4e. Fra demontering av tøm
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Bygning 4e. Bygningsteknisk status.
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03. Materialbruk og produksjonstekn
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opplengjerne satt opp på innsiden
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03. Salt - Trevirket i laftevegger
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04. Tungmetaller i tregulv. Det ble
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Salt. På overflaten av tømmeret i
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Prøver av treverk fra gulv B. Prø
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Sammendrag. - I gulvkonstruksjonen
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Grov gjennomgang av analyseresultat
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Det betyr bl.a. bevaring - av bygni
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08. Summary The Bryggen Project. Th
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As the cobblestone floor will const
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Appendix 2. Fig. 1. Bygning IVe, Sv
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Figur 3. Bygning IVe. Oppmåling av
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