Esquistossomose mansônica: aspectos sócio-culturais em ...

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Esquistossomose mansônica: aspectos sócio-culturais... Daniella Coelho G. da Silva ABSTRACT Several conceptions about health and diseases came along with time, giving meaning and understanding about human behavior relating to the diseases. The development of one specific disease passes through a series of interactive processes to understand the interrelations of the agent, of the susceptible environment which may act the global process and its development. The social-anthropologic contributions repair the subjective and non-subjective aspects of the meanings and practices, as synthesis of the representation in function of the action of the sociological group establish its illnesses, becoming a so called social-cultural epidemiology. Anthropology itself appears to supply the construction of a new paradigm for the approach of health and diseases, establishing a new conception of relation between individual and culture, making a true integration of the contextual dimension possible at the approach of the health problems. The Schistosomiasis mansoni is an endemic disease in the state of Pernambuco and, for this reason a better understanding of other aspects besides the biological becomes necessary, at the subjective area, of the social, in order to achieve success in the applications of public politics for an effective combat of this illness. This research had as its main objective to understand the social-cultural aspects of the Schistosomiasis in two localities, the urban community of Vila Sotave II and the rural community of Vila Caricé, both located in the state of Pernambuco. This study presents a subjective character, demanding a qualitative approach which offers a more appropriate theoretical and methodological instrument. To comprehend health and understand what really is a disease was a hard test, once the subjective construction of health and disease is related to the cultural experiences. Both studied communities show different cultural and really important aspects which may directly interfere in the behavior of their residents. The relation established for the residents of Vila Sotave II between disease and lack of sanitation establishes the disease casualty in this region, while in Vila Caricé they attribute to the cause of Schistosomiasis to river waters, creating a conflict between the need of the river as a form of survival. Key-words: Conceptions for health and disease, anthropology and Schistosomiasis mansoni 8
Esquistossomose mansônica: aspectos sócio-culturais... Daniella Coelho G. da Silva SUMÁRIO Página Capítulo 1 10 1. INTRODUÇÃO ......................................................................................... 11 Capítulo 2 1.1. Saúde e doença: concepções ao longo do tempo ............................... 1.2. O subjetivo no processo saúde-doença .............................................. 1.2.1. O surgimento da antropologia ............................................ 1.2.2. Antropologia e saúde .......................................................... 1.3. A esquistossomose mansônica ........................................................... 1.3.1. Esquistossomose: entrada em Pernambuco ........................ 1.3.2. Além do biológico .............................................................. 2. METODOLOGIA ...................................................................................... Capítulo 3 2.1. O desenho de estudo .......................................................................... 2.2. O campo de pesquisa ......................................................................... 2.2.1. O primeiro campo ................................................................. 2.2.2. O segundo campo ................................................................. 2.3. A escolha dos informantes ................................................................. 2.4. Técnicas e instrumentos de coleta de dados ...................................... 2.4.1. Pesquisa documental ............................................................. 2.4.2. Observação participante ........................................................ 2.4.3. Entrevista semi-estruturada .................................................. 2.5. Análise dos dados .............................................................................. 3. RESULTADOS ......................................................................................... 3.1. Parte I – Vila Sotave II ...................................................................... 3.1.1. O cotidiano ............................................................................. 3.1.2. Posto de saúde: entrada permitida ......................................... 3.1.3. As visitas ................................................................................ 3.1.4. As falas em Vila Sotave II ..................................................... 11 17 19 22 28 30 31 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 41 41 41 43 44 47 48 48 48 56 58 60 9
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