Prevalência de resistência a antimicrobianos em isolados ...

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Prevalência de resistência a antimicrobianos em isolados ambientais de Escherichia coli e enterococos Abstract Water is a scarce resource and essential to life that can be an important vehicle of pathogenic enteric bacteria. Fecal matter is also a source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and contributes to its spread and their resistance genes into the environment and among commensal communities and human and animal pathogenic bacteria. The microbiological quality of water is monitored by the use of fecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli, enterococci and total microorganisms. The main objective of this study has to determine the prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC in environmental isolates of E. coli and also evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin- resistant enterococci strains (VRE).from Douro river estuary and coastline of Oporto city. In the present study water samples were collected at four sites located in the Douro river estuary and coastline between April and July. The detection and quantification of biomarkers was performed by the filter membrane method. The susceptibility of strains of E. coli and enterococci was tested by the disk diffusion method to various classes of antimicrobials. The higher microbial counts were determined between April and June in freshwater samples. There were isolated 62 E. coli strains and 49 enterococci strains that showed 90,3% (56/62) and 83,7% (41/49) antimicrobial resistance, respectively. E.coli strains showed higher frequencies of resistance to ampicillin (74,2%) and tetracycline (61,3%). In these strains it was found phenotypes associated with multiple antimicrobial resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobial agents in 56,5% (35/62) of the isolates. It has been found that enterococci strains showed high resistance levels to rifampicin (34,0%) and azithromycin (40,8%), and was detected the expression of vancomycin resistance phenotype in 26,5% of the strains. We found a prevalence of 36,7% (18/49) of enterococci strains associated with multidrug resistance phenomens. vii
Ana Martins The results suggest that the Douro river and aquatic environments, constitute reservoirs of resistant bacteria and genes and have a leading role in their dissemination. Keywords: Fecal indicator bacteria, Antimicrobial resistance, Environment, Extended- spectrum beta-lactamases, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. viii
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Page 3 and 4: Ana Martins E S C O L A S U P E R I
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Page 13 and 14: 6-APA- Ácido 6-aminopenicilânico
Page 15 and 16: RNA-Ribonucleic acid S-Suscetível
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Prevalência de resistência a anti
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Capítulo III Resultados
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Capítulo IV Discussão
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Conclusão e perspetivas futuras
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Abraham EP and Chain E. An Enzyme f
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