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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com `ocnebis~ politikuri gasul kviras, kerZod, 15 iv- giorgi abaSiZe liss, premierma baxtaZem sazogadoebas amcno, rom momavali saswavlo wlidan iakob gogebaSvilis „dedaena” skolebSi dabrundeba. „gavrilovis krizisis” fonze, anu maSin, roca xelisufleba ndobasa da mardamWerebs yoveldRiurad kargavs, aRniS- nuli gadawyvetileba wminda piarsvlas hgavs, miT umetes, im fonze, rom mSobluri ena yoveli qarTvelisTvis iseTive Zvir- fasia, rogorc _ samSoblo. Sesabamisad, nebismier Temas, romelic erovnul Rirebulebebs exeba, amomrCevlis mxridan emociuri damokidebuleba aqvs xolme. sxvaTa Soris, ramdenime wlis win, roca piradobis mowmobidan mamis saxeli amoiRes, amas lamis „mesame msoflio omi” moyva. yovel SemTxvevaSi, sazogadoebis didma nawilma maSindeli mmarTveli gundis _ „moqkavSiris” es iniciativa erovnul identobasTan brZolad Seafasa. ra moxda realurad? _ piradobis mowmobidan mamis saxelis gaqrobiT qarTveloba aravis daukargavs, magram amis miuxedavad, amdeni wlis Semdegac ki, Tu vinmes dasavluri Rirebulebebis nivelireba moundeba xolme, swored am arguments iSveliebs, ai, Tqveni evropa, mamis saxelic ki wagvarTvao. es cxadia, utrirebuli naTqvamia, magram Tundac 20 ivnisis sisxliani Ramis Semdeg „ocnebis” xelisuflebas aSkarad sWirdeboda rame iseTi, rac misdami nihilsturad ganwyobili eleqtoratis gulis mogebaSi daexmareboda. aseTi ki, rogorc Cans, skolebSi iakob gogebaSvilis „dedaenis” dabruneba aRmoCnda. mokled, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom „ocnebam” Tavidan bolomde xalxis erovnul emociebze iTamaSa. „iakob gogebaSvilis epoqaSi qarTuli ena didi gamowvevis winaSe idga da qarTvelma patriotebma SeZles da Seqmnes wigni, romelic gadaecema Taobidan Taobas. rodesac iakob gogebaSvili Tavis wigns werda, mas swored es ganzraxva hqonda, rom es wigni gadascemoda Taobidan Taobas, rom Cven SegvenarCunebina yvelaze wminda _ Cveni ena da anbani. Semdeg mTeli qarTuli ganaTlebis sistema daefuZna swored iakob gogebaSvilis „dedaenis” principebs da es wigni TiToeuli qarTvelisTvis aris wminda da saTayvanebeli, magram upasuxismgeblo adamianebis moqmedebis Sedegad iakob gogebaSvilis „dedaena” amoiRes saswavlo programidan, ramac sazogadoebis samarTliani da obieqturi guliswyroma gamoiwvia. maSindeli epoqisTvis da maSindeli patriotebisTvis wera-kiTxvis gavrceleba iyo erovnuli idea. isini swored wera-kiTxvis gavrcelebaSi xedavdnen qarTveli eris gadarCenas. dRes Cvenc gvaqvs erovnuli idea da es aris ganaTleba”, _ es gancxadeba premierma baxtaZem 15 ivliss, varianSi gaakeTa, sadac adaptirebuli „dedaenis” prezentacia gaimarTa. amasTan, cnobili gaxda, rom saxelmZRvanelos adaptirebuli versia saqarTvelos parlamentis inicirebiTa da saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da sportis ministr mixeil batiaSvilis brZanebiT Seqmnilma eqspertTa specialurma komisiam SeimuSava. sxvaTa Soris, qarTuli saanbane saxelmZRvanelos Sedgenis iakob gogebaSviliseul meTods aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglis statusi 2013 wels mieniWa, 2014 wels ki erovnuli kategoria ganesazRvra. ise, es pirveli SemTxveva ar aris, roca gogebaSviliseuli „dedaenis” skolebSi dabruneba dadga dRis wesrigSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, jer kidev gasul wels, kerZod, noemberSi, parlamentis ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis saparlamento komitetis Tavmjdomare mariam jaSma gamoTqva varaudi, momavali wlidan SesaZloa, „dedaena” skolebSi dabrundeso. mogvianebiT, parlamentis saitze gamoCnda informacia, rom parlamentis wevrebma, zaza gabuniam da mariam jaSma, saqarTvelos parlaments warudgines sakanonmdeblo iniciativa, romlis Tanaxmadac, ganaTlebis saministro, eqspertTa sabWos meSveobiT, „dedaenis” qarTul saanbane saxelmZRvanelos, iakob gogebaSviliseul meTods moamzadebda da saswavlo procesisTvis dabeWdavda. erTi sityviT, „ocnebam” sityva saqmed aqcia da, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, momavali saswavlo wlidan skolebSi „dedaena” dabrundeba, Tumca moqalaqeebisgan gansxvavebiT, xelisuflebis am iniciativas politikosebi da specialistebi kritikiT Sexvdnen. am mxriv ki yvelaze meti aqtiuroba levan berZeniSvilma gamoiCina, romelmac pirdapir ganacxada, iakob gogebaSvilis pativiscema iTxovs, skoleb- Si „dedaena” ar Sevideso. „saxelmwifo dgams nabijs, romelsac ganaTlebasTan, ganaTlebis problemasTan pirdapiri kavSiri ar aqvs. es aris piaraqcia, romliTac Tavi moiwona saqarTvelos premier-ministrma, romelic ar vici, romel „dedaenazea” gazrdili, Tumca uaRresad Cauxedavi da arakompetenturi pirovneba gaxlavT iseve, rogorc dRevandeli ganaTlebis ministri. rac Seexeba imas, ras abruneben: laparaki aris iakob gogebaSvilis wignis adaptirebul versiaze, anu gogebaSvilisa da misi meTodologiis mixedviT dawerilze ki ara, aramed sakuTriv gogebaSvilis daweril wignze. odnav adaptirebulia, Tumca ras niSnavs es, ar viciT. is mTlianad aris XX saukunis dasawyisis, 1912 wlis versiis saxeoba. es imas niSnavs, rom xelisufleba gvTavazobs, wavideT ara win, aramed davbrundeT ukan, warsulSi. XX saukunis dasawyisis wignis ranairi adaptirebac unda moxdes, gasagebia, rom verc misi leqsika, verc misi ena, verc misi grafika arsebiTad ver Seicvleba. mas Semdeg didi dro gavida ena Seicvala, damokidebuleba Seicvala, enis Seswavlis meTodologiebi ganviTarda, gansakuTrebiT 50-iani ratom ewinaaRmdegebian specialistebi gogebaSviliseuli saxelmZRvanelos skolebSi dabrunebas? wlebidan, roca fsiqologia Semoi- Wra am saqmeSi da bevri ram moxda. miuxedavad imisa, rom gogebaSvili didi kaci iyo, is amas me-19 saukunis bolosa da me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi ver gaiTvaliswinebda. gogebaSvili rom cocxali iyos, albaT, vaxtang rodonaias gamoacxadebda saukeTeso saxelmZRvanelod an axals dawerda, an ra- Rac sxvas ityoda. zogs hgonia, aq kamaTi imazea, unda iyos Tu ara wignSi guTani, Toxi da a. S. vin daobs, iyos, guTanic iyos, Toxic iyos, SeuZliaT, nusxa-xucuri gamoacxadon saxelmwifo damwerlobad an asomTavruli. SeZlebiT Sei- Zleba, magram azri amas ar aqvs. Tanamedrove cxovrebas sWirdeba Tanamedrove saxelmZRvanelo. Tanamedrove saxelmZRvanelo iqmneba Tanamedrove leqsikiT, Tanamedrove gramatikiT, Tanamedrove sintaqsiT, masSi Cndeba Tanamedrove realiebi. iq aseTi araferia da arc SeiZleba iyos. gasagebia, gogebaSvilis teqstia da adaptirebulia, magram rogoraa adaptirebuli, ar viciT imitom, rom, Tavis droze, grifi ver miiRo mag wignma, amitom, TavisTavad, arsebiTi xasiaTis Secdomaa warsulSi dabruneba. Tu vinmes hgonia, rom aq gogebaSvilis pativiscemazea laparaki, swored misi pativiscema iTxovs, rom ar gamovuqveynoT wigni, romelic moZvelebulia. rad unda amas damalva? is moZvelda ise, rogorc moZveldeba axlo momavalSi sxva wignebi. rac Seexeba enas, ena ar aris mocemuloba, es ar aris geometria, romelic damTavrda, rogorc mecniereba da SegiZlia dasva wertili. ena aris cocxali produqti. ena ganviTarebas ganicdis yovel momentSi. masSi mimdinareobs integraciisa da diferenciaciis procesebi, magram amis axsna Zalian Znelia baxtaZisTvis, romelsac hgonia, rom ena isaa, romelzec Tavad an biZina ivaniSvili laparakobs; an laparakobs ganaTlebis ministri, romelic parlamentSi gamovida, naxevari saaTi ilaparaka da ver gavarkvie, ra Tqva. Tu vinme ityvis, ra Tqva man parlamentSi, maSin me vityvi, rom gogebaSvilis „dedaenac” davabrunoT da mivandoT batiaSvils bavSvebis ganaTleba imitom, rom icis, rasac ambobs. warmodgena ar aqvT, ras akeTeben. isini arian Cveulebrivi retrogradebi. maT hgoniaT, rom yvelaferi, rac aris siaxle, rac aris modernuli, dakavSirebulia „nacionalur moZraobasTan”. amaSia mTeli magaTi filosofia. amitom isini dabrundebian ukan, male gamoacxadeben, rom asomTavruli unda SeviswavloT aucileblad da davurigoT bavSvebs da a. S. cudi ki ar aris, rom SeviswavloT, magram ratom unda iyos amaTi eqsperimentebis msxverpli sayovelTao sabavSvo programebi? ratom unda iyos eqsperimentis msxverpli pirvelklaseli, romelic skolaSi midis im imediT, rom raRacas iswavlis da mas wigni uSvebs muzeumSi?! iq iseTi nivTebia aRwerili, ZiriTadad, romelic mas TvaliT ar unaxavs da romelTa nawils Tavis cxovrebaSi verc naxavs, verc moixmars. Cvens droSi akvani unda iyos mTavari sakiTxi ganaTlebis sferoSi? bavSvebi, romlebic midian skolaSi, ukve maswavleblebs sjobnian Tanamedrove gajetebis flobaSi da informaciis mopovebis unarebSi. pirvelklaseli bavSvi jibeSi Caisvams skolis direqtors, aseve ganaTlebis ministrs, romelic TiTqos mag sferodanaa, magram mag sferoSic ise iqneba Caxeduli, rogorc sxvagan. baxtaZec, romlis sityva maxsovs frankfurtis wignis bazrobaze da iqidan vici, ra wignieric brZandeba. am pirvelklasel bavSvebs ToxiT da guTniT ver gaagoneb. diax, `Zalian kargi iqneba, Tu gogebaSvilsa da mis xsovnas ufro seriozuli damokidebulebiT miageben pativs da ara imiT, rom eleqtoraluri miznebisTvis sapampulao gaxdes, rac xSiria xolme saqarTveloSi~ 24 24 N25 (286) 23.07-5.08.2019 w.
294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com pampulaoba `dedaeniT~ „ai ia” aris genialuri aRmoCena da davtovoT... laTinur enas aRar vaswavliT ise, rogorc ciceroni aswavlida, radgan axali meTodebi Semovida. mkvdar enas aRar vaswavliT ise, rogorc adre da rogor gindaT, rom cocxali ena vaswavloT 100 da meti wlis winandeli wigniT, romelic moZvelda? eg ki ara, 20 da 30-iani wlebis mwerlebis ena moZvelda da bavSvebi xandaxan xiTxiTeben, ise sasacilod JRers raRacebi dRevandeli gadmosaxedidan. rogor SeiZleba, is ena vaswavloT dRes? ra azri aqvs amas? principulad ar SeiZleba 21-e saukuneSi me-19 saukunis wigniT swavla... biZina ivaniSvili da dRevaneli mTavroba arian patriotebi? amis Tqma undaT? yvelaferi es imitom xdeba, rom rusi Camoiyvanes da savarZelSi Casves. axla am dasvrili saqmis gamokeTeba rogor SeiZleba patriotuli niadagiT, amaze zrunaven. ra patriotizmzea laparaki? sad arian qarTveli deputatebi? _ ruseTSi sxedan da maTi partniori xalxi ra patriotizmze laparakobs? gogebaSvili aq arafer Sua- Sia. axla gogebaSvili gaaxsendaT da kidev moifiqreben rame aseT Wkvianurs”, _ ganucxada levan berZeniSvilma qarTul internetgamocema „netgazeTs”. cnobisTvis: levan berZeniSvili profesiiT filologia. ase rom, misi azri am Temaze aSkarad sainteresoa, Tumca arc is unda daviviwyoT, rom Tavisi literaturuli Sefasebebis gamo batoni berZeniSvili kritikis obieqti araer- Txel gamxdara. sazogadoebis risxva ki gansakuTrebiT maSin daatyda, roca ramdenime wlis win ilia WavWavaZeze Tqva, gacilebiT kargi sazogado moRvawea, vidre _ mweralio. zogadad, levan berZeniSvili liberaluri ideebis mimdevaria da, Sesabamisad, misi Sexedulebebi da Sefasebebi, met-naklebad, puritanulad moazrovne adamianebisTvis, anu im kategoriis amomCevlebisTvis, romlebic fiqroben, rom, magaliTad, gansxvavebuli seqsualuri orientacia gadamdebia, kategoriulad miuRebelia. kargi, davuSvaT, rom levan berZeniSvili liberali da „pirwavardnili soroselia” da yvelafer qarTuls amitomac „ebrZvis”, magram ra vuyoT, magaliTad, fsiqolog naTia fanjikiZes, romelsac soroselobas veravin daswamebs? _ piriqiT, naTia qarTvelebis sayvareli mwerlis, guram fanjikiZis nabolara qaliSvilia da, Sesabamisad, erovnul ideebsa da idealebzea aRzrdili, magram vi- RacebisTvis gasakvirad, „dedaenasTan” dakavSirebiT naTia fanjikiZe levan berZeniSvilis mosazrebebs daeTaxma: „yovelTvis arasworad mimaCnda levan berZeniSvilis politikaSi yofna. gana imitom, rom ganaTlebuli xalxi ar minda politikaSi? aramed imitom, rom politikisgan Tavisufal pedagogs meti usmens sufTa gonebiT, winaswarganwyobebis gareSe. axla ki igi zogs mtrad miaCnia, zogs _ mokeTed da visac yvelaze metad gamoadgeboda misi leqciebi, SeiZleba swored mas hqondes daxuWuli yurebi. levan berZeniSvili, upirvelesad, aris `Tu gvinda, rom ukeTesi momavali SevqmnaT, cxadia, warsuli ar unda daviviwyoT, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom Tanamedroveobis nivelireba movaxdinoT, Torem Tu am gziT wavalT, maSin savsebiT dasaSvebi iqneba, rom istoriisa da tradiciebis gamoZaxiliT, magaliTad, qalTa da vaJTa skolebi gavxsnaT an, sulac, saswavlo dawesebulebebSi `lineikebi~ davabrunoT da mowafeebi gavrozgoT, Tan yvelaferi es imiT gavamarTloT, rom mtrulad gazrdili Svilebi moyvrebad gamogvadgebian!~ pedagogi, rac, vfiqrob, yvela drois umaRlesi wodebaa. is aswavlida ekas, Cems Svils da misi uzomod madlieri var, iseTi seriozuli wignebis kiTxva moandoma da daawyebina. eka ambobs xolme, STagonebis gamCeni maswavlebeliao. axla eka niu-iorkSi swavlobs klinikur fsiqologias da rom vekiTxebi, rogori maswavleblebi gyavs-meTqi, _ berZeniSvilisnairi cotao, _ mpasuxobs. gvaqvs saxlSi wignebi, gadmoi- Rebdnen TviTonac, magram verc erTi deda ver SeZlebs „mirekos” Svilebi wignebTan iseTi xalisiT, iseTi swori strategiiT, rogorc es karg pedagogs SeuZlia. gogebaSvili, udidesi ganmanaTlebeli, marTlac, gasxivosnebuli adamiani, yvela bavSvma da qarTvelma unda icodes, bevrad ukedac unda icodnen, vidre dRes ician, gamoyenebuli unda iyos misi biografiac saswavlo procesSi da „dedaenidanac” zogierTi ram SenarCunebuli da miuxedavad imisa, rom viziareb adamianebis sasowarkveTas _ axlis Semqmneli mecnieri dRes gvyavs ki? aba, ra vqnaT? Zveli moZvelda, axalze ra jgufi imuSavebs? _ magram, amave dros, erTi ram udavoa: dro icvleba da is yovelTvis icvleboda, „SuSanikis wamebis” eniT, Tundac rusTavelis eniT gogebaSvili aRar laparakobda... rogorc epoqis tempis, cxovrebis axali pirobebisa da saazrovno amocanebis cvlilebas yvelaze metad asaxavs teqnologiebi, tansacmeli, arqiteqtura, xelovneba, yvelaze metad mentalur, kognitur cvlilebebs avlens da cxadyofs ena. mSobliuri ena, romlis bgerebsac Cvili ismens jer kidev maSin, sanam cnobiereba sityvebad gauformdeba, sxeulebriv, motorikis donezec ki gansazRvravs adamianis fizikur da fsiqikur poziciebs da aqedanve, aracnobier doneze aireklavs cvlilebebsac. enas vcvliT Cven, Tu ena gvcvlis Cven, drois dinebaSi dakvirveba calke mecnierebaa. SeCerebuli dro ki ar arsebobs, samwuxarod, arc maSin, roca yvelaze bednier wuTebSi vcxovrobT”, _ dawera naTia fanjikiZem socialur qselSi. sxvaTa Soris, adamianebis nawilis azriT, gogebaSvilis „dedaena” ganaTlebis qarTuli meTodia, Tumca 1865 wels gamocemuli saxelmZRvanelos _ „qarTuli anbani da pirveli sakiTxavi wigni moswavleTaTvis” Tavad gogebaSvili wers, rom anbani zolotovis meTodiTaa Sedgenili. yvelaze ucnauri ki is gaxlavT, rom vasili zolotovi rusi swavluli iyo, romelmac zustad im meTodiT, romelic gogebaSvilma gamoiyena, 1860 wels erT-erTi pirveli anbani da sakiTxavi wigni gamosca. „me-19 saukunis 50-60-ian wleb- Si evropaSi, aSS-sa da ruseTis imperiaSi analizuri meTodis bumi TiTqmis Tanadroulad daiwyo. ideebi, rogorc ityvian, „haerSi trialebda”. ar darCenila gavleniani ganmanaTlebeli an pedagogi, am ferxulSi rom ar Cabmuliyo da analizuri saanbano saxelmZRvanelo ar gamoeca. amdenad, 1865 wels gogebaSvilis pirvel sakiTxav wignSi gamoyenebuli an, Tundac, 1876 wlis „dedaenaSi” gatarebuli me- Todi arc vasili zolotovisa da miT umetes, arc iakob gogebaSvilis mogonili ar aris”, _ miiCnevs literatori qeTo niniZe, romelmac gasuli wlis maisSi gamoaqveyna statia: „gogebaSvilis meTodis paradoqsi”. am stataSi niniZe wers, rom „dedaenam”, rogorc qarTuli enis siwmindis dacvisa da ganaTlebis simbolom, jer ruseTis imperiSi, Semdeg ki sabWoTa reJimis dros saqarTvelos nacionaluri identobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani funqcia Seasrula, Tumca Tanamedrove bavSvis saWiroebebs naklebad exmianeba: „ara imdenad meToduri acdenaa, ramdenadac Tematuri, leqsikurfrazeologiuri imitom, rom is „dedaena” absoluturad sxva socialuri, kulturuli gamowvevisTvis da miznobrivi jgufisTvis iqmneboda da axla sul sxva mocemuloba gvaqvs. meeWveba, „dedaenis” rekonstruqciaze saubrisas mxedvelobaSi hqondeT is, rom wigni morgebuli unda iyos dRevandeli da ara _ saukuniswina bavSvis interesebs, yofasa da leqsikas”. sxvaTa Soris, iakob gogebaSvilis „dedaenam” 2011 wels, grifirebis konkursSi, moZvelebuli meTodologiis gamo, grifi ver moipova, Tumca „iakob gogebaSvilis sazogadoeba” irwmuneba, rom gogebaSvilis „dedaena” Tavis droze grifirebis sistemaSi arsebul ukanonobas Seewira. 2011 wlidan moyolebuli es sazogadoeba skolebSi „dedaenis” dabrunebas iTxovda da gasul wels Temaze _ „gadavarCinoT gogebaSvilis „dedaena”; davubrunoT igi qarTul skolas!” _ Sekrebac ki gamarTa. „iakob gogebaSvilis sazogadoeba grZnobs pasuxismgeblobasa da valdebulebas iakob gogebaSvi- lis memkvidreobisa da erovnuli skolis mimarT”, _ acxadebdnen zemoxsenebul Sekrebaze „iakob gogebaSvilis sazogadoebis” warmomadgenlebi. skolebSi iakob gogebaSvilis „dedaenis” dabrunebas, sxvaTa Soris, saqarTvelos sapatriarqoc mxars uWerda. yovel SemTxvevaSi, gasuli wlis oqtomberSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia meore iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis pedagogTa kavSiris wevrebsa da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi moRvawe „iakob gogebaSvilis sazogadoebis” warmomadgenlebs Sexvda. am Sexvedraze momavali Taobis sulier da inteleqtualur aRzrdaze ismjeles. „ilia II-m pedagogebs mravalwliani SromisaTvis madloba gadauxada da gaiziara maTi pozicia saskolo programaSi iakob gogebaSvilis „deda enis” Setanis aucileblobis Sesaxeb”, _ iuwyeboda maSin qarTuli internetmedia. erTi sityviT, xelisuflebam skolebSi „dedaenis” dabrunebiT xalxis guli ki moigo, magram ganaTlebis specialistebis umetesoba am gadawyvetilebas akritikebs da erTmniSvnelovnad ambobs, rom „ocnebam” qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime politikuri krizisis fonze Cveulebrivi piarnabiji gadadga. „Zalian kargi iqneba, Tu gogebaSvilsa da mis xsovnas ufro seriozuli damokidebulebiT miageben pativs da ara imiT, rom eleqtoraluri miznebisTvis sapampulao gaxdes, rac xSirad xdeba xolme saqarTveloSi”, _ ambobs ganaTlebis mkvlevari rezo afxazava. misive TqmiT, iakob gogebaSvili siaxleebze iyo orientirebuli. Sesabamisad, gogebaSvili cocxali rom iyos da „dedaenas” dRes werdes, aucileblad Tanamdrove meTodologiiT ixelmZRvanelebda. ise, CvenTvis rom vTqvaT, XXI saukuneSi sxva gamowvevebia. Sesabamisad, sxva interesebi aqvT da, albaT, cota gauWirdebaT, rom mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi mxolod Tasze, Toxsa da jamze ilaparakon. Cven, ra Tqma unda, specialistebi ar varT da ganaTlebis muSakTa kompetenciaSi ver CavereviT, magram erTi ram faqtia: Tu gvinda, rom ukeTesi momavali SevqmnaT, cxadia, warsuli ar unda daviviwyoT, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom Tanamedroveobis nivelireba movaxdinoT, Torem Tu am gziT wavalT, maSin savsebiT dasaSvebi iqneba, rom istoriisa da tradiciebis gamoZaxiliT, magaliTad, qalTa da vaJTa skolebi gavxsnaT an, sulac, saswavlo dawesebulebebSi „lineikebi” davabrunoT da mowafeebi gavrozgoT, Tan yvelaferi es imiT gavamarTloT, rom mtrulad gazrdili Svilebi moyvrebad gamogvadgebian! ase rom, skolebSi „dedaenis” dabruneba SeiZleba, is SemTxveva namdvilad ar aris, romelzec vambobT xolme, yvelaferi axali kargad daviwyebuli Zveliao! yvelaze cudi ki mainc is aris, rom am ambavs piaris elementebi dahkravs, Tumca zogjer isec xdeba, rom yvelaze kargi idea yvelaze negatiuri Sedegebis momtania xolme! mokled, erTi qarTuli andazisa ar iyos, „ocnebis” win xramia, ukan ki _ mewyeri! N25 (286) 23.07-5.08.2019 w. 25
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Page 27 and 28: lobis mTavari safrTxea. demokratiis
Page 31 and 32: nene injgia 591 71 39 98 qarTul rea
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