[Elizabeth_Zeibig]_Clinical_Parasitology__A_Practi(z-lib.org)

326
APPENDIX A
Glossary
direct iodine wet preparation (pl., preparations)
Slide made by placing a drop of Lugol’s
or D’Antoni’s iodine on a glass slide (a 3- ×
2-inch size is suggested) and mixing with a small
portion of unfixed stool, using a wooden applicator
stick or another mixing tool. The resulting
slide should be thin enough for newspaper print
to be read through the smear. A 22-mm 2 cover
slip is placed on the slide and the preparation
is examined microscopically in a systematic
fashion.
direct saline wet preparation (pl., preparations)
Slide made by placing a drop of 0.85%
saline on a glass slide (a 3- × 2-inch size is
suggested) and mixing with a small portion of
unfixed stool using a wooden applicator stick
or another mixing tool. The resulting slide
should be thin enough for newspaper print to
be read through the smear. A 22-mm 2 cover slip
is placed on the slide and the preparation is
examined microscopically in a systematic
fashion.
disease Destructive process having characteristic
symptoms.
distomiasis Name for the pulmonary condition
caused by infection with Paragonimus
westermani.
diurnal Occurring during the daytime hours.
dum dum fever A common name for the visceral
leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani.
ectoparasite (pl., ectoparasites) Parasite that is
established in or on the exterior surface of its
host.
edema Localized swelling of tissues, most often
seen in the joints.
egg (pl., eggs) Female sex cell (gamete) after fertilization.
Synonyms include oocyst, ovum, and
zygote.
elephantiasis Enlargement of the skin and subcutaneous
tissue caused by the presence of some
filariae (e.g., Wuchereria bancrofti), which
obstruct the circulation of the lymphatic tissues.
Affected areas include the breast, leg, and
scrotum.
embryonated Fertilized.
embryophore Shell of certain intestinal tapeworm
eggs, such as those of Taenia spp.
encystation Transformation of a trophozoite
stage into a cyst stage.
endoparasite Parasite that is established inside
the body.
epidemiology Study of the factors that determine
the distribution and frequency of an infectious
process or disease in a particular location.
epimastigote (pl., epimastigotes) Long, spindleshaped,
hemoflagellate morphologic form
equipped with a free flagellum and an undulating
membrane that extends over half of the body
length. It is found in the vectors responsible for
transmitting Trypanosoma spp.
erythematous Refers to a localized reddening of
the skin.
erythrocytic cycle Asexual cycle of Plasmodium
that occurs in human red blood cells (RBCs).
espundia Another name for an infection caused by
the presence of Leishmania braziliensis, the principle
cause of mucocutaneous disease in Central
and South America, particularly in Brazil.
excrement Waste matter of the body—for
example, feces.
excystation Transformation of a cyst stage into a
trophozoite stage.
exoerythrocytic cycle Asexual cycle of Plasmodium
that occurs in human liver cells.
extraintestinal Refers to when parasites migrate
and/or take up residence outside the intestines.
facultative parasite Parasite that is able to exist
independently of its host.
filaria (pl., filariae) A blood or issue roundworm
that requires an arthropod intermediate host or
vector for transmission; belongs to the order
Filariata, superfamily Filarioidea.
filarial Pertaining to the group of parasites that
belong to the filariae.
filariform larva (pl., larvae) Infective nonfeeding
larvae.
fixative (pl., fixatives) A substance that preserves
the morphology of protozoa and prevents further
development of certain helminth eggs and larvae.
flagellate (pl., flagellates) Protozoan parasite
that moves by means of flagella; scientific name,
phylum Mastigophora.
flagellum (pl., flagella) Tail-like extension of the
cytoplasm, which provide a means of motility
and perhaps aids in obtaining food; movement
of the flagellum is whiplike in nature.
fluke (pl., flukes) Common name for a trematode.
forest yaws Another name for the infection caused
by the presence of Leishmania guyanensis, the
principle cause of leishmaniasis in the Guianas,
parts of Brazil and Venezuela; also known as
pian bois.