[Elizabeth_Zeibig]_Clinical_Parasitology__A_Practi(z-lib.org)

APPENDIX A
Glossary
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gametogony Phase in the life cycle of certain
parasites, such as malaria, in which macrogametocytes
and microgametocytes are formed.
gametocyte (pl., gametocytes) Sex cells (males
are called microgametocytes and females are
known as macrogametocytes) that are capable of
sexual reproduction.
genal ctenidia Comblike structures located just
above the mouth parts of some fleas.
genital primordium Precursor to the reproductive
system consisting of a clump of cells in an ovoid
formation. It is present in the rhabditiform
larvae of hookworm and Strongyloides.
glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the filtering
mechanisms in the nephrons of the kidney called
glomeruli.
glycogen mass A cytoplasmic area without
defined borders that is believed to represent
stored food and is also usually visible in young
cysts. As the cyst matures, the glycogen mass
usually disappears, a process that likely represents
usage of the stored food.
gravid Pregnant.
helminth (pl., helminthes, helminths) A generic
term for multicellular worms that includes the
roundworms (nematodes), tapeworms (cestodes),
and flukes (trematodes).
hemocele System of blood-containing spaces
present in the body of arthropods.
hemoflagellate (pl., hemoflagellates) Flagellates
that are found in blood and tissue.
hemoglobinuria Presence of hemoglobin in the
urine
hemozoin A remnant of the parasite feeding on
RBC hemoglobin that is visible as a brown
pigment.
hepatosplenomegaly Enlargement of the liver
and spleen.
hermaphroditic Parasites capable of self-fertilization.
Each tapeworm segment contains both
male and female reproductive organs.
hexacanth embryo Motile first larval stage of
some tapeworms. Armed with six small hooks,
known as hooklets—hence, the name hexacanth;
also known as an onchosphere.
hooklet (pl., hooklets) A small hook located in
a hexacanth embryo that is believed to function
in piercing the intestinal wall of the
infected host.
host (pl., hosts) Species of animal or plant that
harbors a parasite.
hydatid cyst Larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus;
made up of a fluid-filled bladder surrounded
by a cyst wall and laminated layers of
germinal tissue. The inner germinal layer gives
rise to daughter cysts and scolices.
hydatid sand Components found in the fluid of
older Echinococcus granulosus cysts; consists of
daughter cysts, free scolices, hooklets, and miscellaneous
nondescript material.
hypnozoite (pl., hypnozoites) Dormant liver
cells infected with Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium
ovale. These cells may remain dormant for
months to years and, when reactivated, may
cause relapsing malarial infections.
immature schizont (pl., schizonts) Beginning
stage of the developed asexual sporozoa trophozoite
(i.e., Plasmodium spp.); characterized by
the early stages of merozoite formation.
infection Invasion of parasites (except arthropods)
into the body. Strict use of this term does not
imply a disease process.
infective stage Stage in the parasitic life cycle that
is capable of invading a definitive host.
infestation Invasion of arthropods in or on the
skin or hair of a host.
intermediate host (pl., hosts) Host in which the
larval or asexual phase of a parasite occurs.
ischemia Insufficient blood supply in body tissues
caused by blockage of the capillaries and blood
sinuses.
kala-azar Another name for the most severe form
of visceral leishmaniasis caused by members of
the Leishmania donovani complex.
karyosome (karyosomal chromatin) Small mass
of chromatin located within the nucleus of
certain protozoan parasites; also known as
karyosomal chromatin or endosome.
Katayama fever A systemic hypersensitivity reaction
to the presence of a schistosomulae migrating
through tissue. The rapid onset of fever,
nausea, myalgia, malaise, fatigue, cough, diarrhea,
and eosinophilia occurs 1 to 2 months after
exposure.
Kerandel’s sign A delayed sensation to pain often
associated with trypanosomal infections.
Kernig’s sign Diagnostic sign for meningitis. The
patient is unable to straighten his or her leg fully
when the hip is flexed at 90 degrees because of
hamstring stiffness.
kinetoplast Umbrella term often used to refer to
the blepharoplast and small parabasal body.