[Elizabeth_Zeibig]_Clinical_Parasitology__A_Practi(z-lib.org)

APPENDIX A
Glossary
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mutualism Association of two different species of
organisms that is beneficial to both members.
myalgia (pl., myalgias) Muscle pain.
myiasis (pl., myiases) Condition resulting after a
female fly passes her eggs onto another flying
insect, such as a mosquito. These eggs are transmitted
onto human skin during a mosquito
blood meal and subsequently hatch. The eggs
evolve into larvae known as maggots and immediately
penetrate the host’s skin, often causing a
pruritic and painful skin lesion.
myocarditis Inflammation of the cardiac muscles
(inflammation of the heart).
nagana A form of trypanosomiasis often found in
cattle.
Nematoda Referning to the Nematodes
(roundworms).
nematode (pl., nematodes) Alternate name of
members in the class of helminths known as
Nematoda; common name, intestinal roundworms.
Adults may possess a variety of anterior
structures and appear round when seen in cross
section.
nocturnal Occurring during the nighttime hours.
nymph (pl., nymphs) Developmental stage of
certain arthropods that morphologically resemble
the adult.
O&P (ova and parasites) The traditional method
for parasite examination in which O stands for
ova and P stands for parasites; consists of direct
macroscopic and microscopic analysis and
microscopic examination after a debris removal
process is performed.
obligatory parasite Parasite that is unable to
survive outside its host.
occult Not apparent, hidden, concealed.
ocular micrometer Specially designed ocular
device equipped with a measuring scale designed
to measure parasites and other structures under
a microscope.
onchosphere Motile, first larval stage of some
tapeworms; armed with six small hooks, known
as hooklets, and also known as a hexacanth
embryo.
oocyst (pl., oocysts) Encysted form of a zygote
that in Plasmodium develops in the stomach of
the Anopheles mosquito; characterized by the
presence of mature sporozoites.
ookinete (pl., ookinetes) Fertilized cell; the
product of the union of a male and female sex
cell, also known as a zygote.
operculum Caplike structure or lid present on
select tapeworm and fluke eggs.
Oriental sore Common reference for the cutaneous
leishmaniasis caused by the hemoflagellates
that comprise Leishmania tropica complex.
parasite (pl., parasites) Organism that gains its
nourishment from and lives in or on another
organism.
parasitemia (pl., parasitemias) Parasitic infection
of the blood.
parasitic Relating to or characteristic of a
parasite; disease caused by the presence of
parasites.
parasitic life cycle Route that a parasite follows
from any one stage in its development throughout
its life, back to the stage where the route
began.
parasitology Study of parasites.
parasitism Symbiotic relationship of two different
species of organisms in which one member benefits
at the other member’s expense.
paroxysm (pl., paroxysms) Chills and fever syndrome
associated with malaria. Chills occur in
response to schizont development followed by a
fever. which corresponds to the release of merozoites
and toxic waste by-products from infected
red blood cells.
parthenogenic Formation of a new organism
without fertilization. It occurs in the life cycle of
Strongyloides in which the adult male does not
participate in reproduction; its ultimate fate is
unknown. The parasitic female is thus responsible
for this process.
pathogenic Refers to an agent (parasite) that has
demonstrated the ability to cause disease.
pathogenicity Ability to cause an infectious
disease; may also be referred to as the ability to
produce tissue changes.
pediculosis Lice infestation.
periodicity Recurring regularly during a specific
time period.
peripheral chromatin Chromatin portion of the
nucleus that surrounds the karyosome. It may be
evenly or unevenly distributed when present.
permanent stained smear (pl., smears) A microscope
slide that contains a fixed sample fixed in
a preservative such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
that has been allowed to dry and subsequently
stained.
pian bois Another name for the infection caused
by Leishmania guyanensis, the principle cause of