[Elizabeth_Zeibig]_Clinical_Parasitology__A_Practi(z-lib.org)

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CHAPTER 4 The Flagellates
A. Identify and describe the function of key
differential characteristic structures.
B. Identify each responsible flagellate
organism by category, scientific name,
common name, and morphologic form,
with justification when indicated.
C. Identify the associated symptoms,
diseases, and conditions associated with
the responsible parasite.
D. Construct a life cycle associated with
each flagellate parasite present that
includes corresponding epidemiology,
route of transmission, infective stage,
and diagnostic stage(s).
E. Propose each of the following related to
controlling and preventing flagellate
infections:
1. Treatment options
2. Prevention and control plan
F. Determine the specimen of choice and
alternative specimen types, where
appropriate, as well as appropriate
laboratory diagnostic technique for the
recovery of each flagellate.
G. Recognize sources of error, including but
not limited to, those involved in specimen
collection, processing, and testing and
propose solutions to remedy them.
H. Interpret laboratory data, determine
specific follow-up tests to be done, and
predict the results of those tests.
I. Determine additional morphologic
forms, when appropriate, that may also
be detected in clinical specimens.
4-11. Compare and contrast the similarities and
differences between:
A. The flagellates covered in this chapter
B. The flagellates covered in this chapter
and the other parasites covered in this
text
4-12. Describe the standard, immunologic, and
new laboratory diagnostic approaches for
the recovery of flagellates in clinical
specimens.
4-13. Given prepared laboratory specimens, and
with the assistance of this manual, the
learner will be able to:
A. Differentiate flagellate parasites from
artifacts.
B. Differentiate the flagellate organisms
from each other and from the other
appropriate categories of parasites.
C. Correctly identify each flagellate parasite
by scientific and common names and
morphologic form, based on its key
characteristic structure(s).
CASE STUDY 4-1
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
A 30-year-old man, Bryan, visited his physician complaining
of cramping, frequent diarrhea, and weight loss. Patient
history revealed that Bryan was a frequent back country
hiker and camper who did not always filter his drinking
water while on his camping trips. The physician on duty
ordered a series of stool samples for ova and parasite
(O&P) examination.
Questions for Consideration
1. Indicate how Bryan might have come into contact with
parasites and identify the factors that likely contributed
to this contact. (Objective 4-10D)
2. Name two other symptoms associated with parasitic
infections that people like Bryan may experience.
(Objective 4-10C)
3. How should the physician order the O&P analysis in terms
of frequency of specimen collection? (Objective 4-10F)
FOCUSING IN
Flagellates belong to the phylum Protozoa and
are members of the subphylum Mastigophora.
The flagellates can be categorized into two
groups, intestinal and atrial. This chapter
describes the morphologic features, laboratory
diagnosis, life cycle, epidemiology, clinical symptoms,
treatment, and prevention and control of
eight members of the flagellates, each of which is
known to infect humans.
MORPHOLOGY AND LIFE
CYCLE NOTES
Movement of the flagellates is accomplished by
the presence of whiplike structures known as
flagella in their trophozoite form. It is this