25th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry IMOG 2011

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P-376 Organic geochemical variability of gas shales: Woodford Shale, Southeastern Oklahoma, USA, a case study Andrea Miceli Romero, R. Paul Philp The University of Oklahoma, Norman, United States of America (corresponding author:andreamiceli@ou.edu) It has been very common to consider shales as uniform stratigraphic sequences in terms of physical and chemical properties. However, a more detailed analysis of these source/reservoir rocks can provide greater insight about variations in the depositional and environmental factors that influenced source rock deposition. The Woodford Shale (Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian), once considered as a source rock for both oil and natural gas in the United States Southern Midcontinent, has recently evolved as an important shale gas play due to its high hydrocarbon potential [1-2]. The use of geochemistry to characterize these unconventional reservoirs has played a significant role in shale gas evaluation in terms of helping to determine the type of organic matter, thermal maturity, paleoenvironmental conditions, and to be effective for establishing sequence stratigraphic frameworks of these source/reservoir rocks. Woodford Shale samples obtained from a cored outcrop in southeastern Oklahoma were analyzed geochemically to determine vertical variations of organic facies, thermal maturity and an evaluation of the depositional environments. Samples were characterized on the basis of total organic carbon (TOC), Rock Eval pyrolysis, and measured and calculated vitrinite reflectance (%Ro). Additionally, crushed rock samples were extracted and extracts were subjected to gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) for biomarker analyses. The Woodford Shale was subdivided into lower, middle and upper members based on the integration of geochemical and geological data. Moreover, the presence and extent of photic zone anoxia was determined by the presence of aryl isoprenoids. Aryl isoprenoids also helped to infer the position of the chemocline during deposition of the different members. The relative hydrocarbon potential (RHP) parameter derived from Rock Eval data was of use in determining transgressive and regressive cycles within the Woodford Shale. TOC values ranged from 5.01% to 14.81% indicating good source rock potential. In the study area the Woodford Shale is mature to marginally mature as indicated by vitrinite reflectance values; therefore, it is unlikely that the Woodford Shale has generated high quantities of hydrocarbons in this area. Biomarker ratios based on pristane, phytane, steranes, and hopanes show a mix of marine and terrestrial organic matter with the middle member showing the greatest marine input. Integration and correlation of Pr/Ph ratios, aryl isoprenoids ratios and relative hydrocarbon potential (RHP) indicate that the lower Woodford was deposited under dysoxic/suboxic conditions and episodic periods of photic zone anoxia (PZA) during a major transgressive-regressive-trangressive cycle; the middle Woodford was deposited under anoxic conditions and persistent PZA during a major transgression (sea-level rise); and the upper Woodford was deposited under dysoxic/suboxic conditions and episodic PZA during a general regression (HST with high sedimentation rate). These interpretations are consistent with a sequence stratigraphic framework already proposed for the Woodford Shale in the study area. High salinity conditions and water density stratification also prevailed during deposition of this formation as indicated by the presence of gammacerane. The chemocline was located at shallower depths during middle Woodford deposition and fluctuated within different depths during deposition of lower and upper members. This work undoubtedly demonstrates the significant lithological and chemical variability that occurs within shales, a factor that needs to be taken into account when exploring and producing from these self-sourced reservoirs. REFERENCES [1] Cardott B. J. (2005) Ok. Geol. Surv. Circ. 110, 7- 18. [2] Comer J. B. (2007) GSA <strong>Meeting</strong> – Abstracts with programs, pp. 356. 505
P-377 Oil shales occurring in Mongolia Vadim Saveliev 1 , Namkhainorov Jargalsaikhan 2 , Galina Pevneva 1 , Anatoly Golovko 1 1 Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation, 2 Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulan Batar, Mongolia (corresponding author:savel@ipc.tsc.ru) Geological resources of oil shales occurring in Mongolia amount to about 788.0 million tons. Only 20 % of them are characterized in detail including estimation and kinds of geological resources of the natural caustobioliths. The oil shales occurring in Mongolia can be considered as alternative hydrocarbon raw material. The present work is aimed to investigate composition of organic matter in oil shales occurring in Mongolia for possible production of liquid and gaseous products. Six samples of raw oil shales mined from Baliin jis, Khuut bulag, Tukhurmiin nuur and Khugshin gol fields have been investigated. Ash content of the samples reaches 70-83 % mass. A mineral constituent of oil shales is mainly presented by carbonates, 15-52 %, and silicates, 18-66 %. The yield of volatile products varies from 14.7 (a sample from Tukhurmiin nuur field) to 26.6 % mass (Baliin jis). The kerogens were separated by a method described in work [1]. The content of kerogenes in oil shales amounts to 4-15% mass and that of chloroform bitumoids A – 0.2–1.0 % mass. Table – Characteristics of kerogens in oil shales Kerogen Н/С О/С S Sample yield, % mass Baliin jis 4.2 2.3 0.2 1.9 Khuut bulag-1 8.0 1.8 0.1 0.4 Khuut bulag–2 15.3 2.2 0.1 1.3 Khuut bulag-3 11.1 1.5 0.1 0.6 Tukhurmiin nuur 13.1 2.3 0.2 2.1 Khugshin gol 15.2 2.0 0.1 1.9 By the values of atomic ratios of the basic elements (С, Н and О) kerogenes refer to type I, they were generated under similar conditions from marine sediments enriched with algal lipids accumulated in reducing environment [2]. The data of IR-analysis of structural features of kerogens in oil shales proved shale belonging to OM of I type. Considerable excess of aliphatic fragments over aromatic structures in OM assumes predominance of low-molecular hydrocarbon components and a low yield of shale resin in the products of the oil shale pyrolysis. We used a thermal analysis to reveal specific character of the compositions of organic and mineral substances in oil shales. Diagrams of mass losses in oil shales depending on the temperature are presented in the Figure below. The mass loss in shales occurs up to the temperature range of 200-250 0 С caused by exudation of moisture – hygroscopic and ―bound‖ water. Destruction of organic compounds bound by heteroatomic elements is also possible. The mass losses in oil shales in this temperature interval amount to 1.5-4.8 %. At temperature increase up to 500-550 0 С thermal-oxidative conversions of OM proceed at high rates. Relatively easy oxidation of oil shales testifies predominance in OM structure of labile components of mainly aliphatic nature, with which oxygen reacts first as with the most energyweakened sections of molecules [2]. The loss of mass was maximal in this temperature interval and amounted to 10-25 %. Thermal-oxidative destruction of a mineral constituent in oil-shales proceeds in the temperature range of 600-900 0 С at negligible changes in the rate of mass loss. For the samples mined from Baliin jis and Tukhurmiin nuur one determined a sharp increase in the rate of mass loss at 730-780 0 С, typical for decomposition of low-basic calciumsodium hydrosilicates. [3]. The samples of oil shales mined from Khuut bulag-1and Khuut bulag–3 fields have the highest oil-generating potential. Thus, a high content of hydrogen and rather low contents of sulfur and nitrogen as well as structural features of kerogen are the reasons to suppose the production of high-quality and ecologically pure ―synthetic‖ oil at complex processing of oil-shales occurring in Mongolia. Reference 1. B. P. Tissot, D. H. Welte. Oil generation and distribution. M.: Mir. – 1981.-501 p. 2. Goftman M.V. Applied chemistry of solid fuel. M.: 1963., 235 P. 3. Sidorovich Ya.I. // Oil shale.1984. V. 1. №2. P. 171- 174. 506
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25th Inter
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Dear Conference Delegates, Preface
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Monday 19 th September 2011 - Morni
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Monday 19 th September 2011 - After
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Tuesday 20 th September 2011 - Afte
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Wednesday 21 st September 2011 - Mo
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Wednesday 21 st September 2011 - Af
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13.40 - 15.05 Poster Session 4 (In
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Friday 23 rd September 2011 - Morni
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Poster Sessions (in Kongress-Saal)
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P-026 Comparison of comprehensive t
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P-052 Incorporation of Archaeal and
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P-081 Geochemical evidence for two
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P-108 Organic geochemistry and Meso
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P-133 Can we estimate catchment-sca
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P-157 Can laterally advected interm
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P-182 The influence of hydrogen on
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P-207 Biomarkers along a holocene s
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P-232 Some experimental results on
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P-261 Natural gas generation, migra
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P-288 Re/Os fractionation during ge
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P-314 Chemometric analysis of oil-o
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P-340 Atypical fluids in offshore s
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P-366 Organic geochemical character
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P-392 Environmental forensic study
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P-416 Developing analytical protoco
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P-442 Deep-sea benthic archaea recy
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P-464 Effects of within-catchment p
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Poster Session 4 - Thursday 22 nd S
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Monday Oral Presentations 58
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O-02 Melting history of West Antarc
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O-04 Insights about the marine nitr
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O-06 Eocene out-of-India dispersal
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O-08 An integrated lipid biomarker
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O-10 Sulfur species as facilitators
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O-12 Sulfur isotope systematic of i
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O-14 Exploring the diversity of arc
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O-16 Improved genetic characterizat
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O-18 Petroleum system analysis Sout
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O-19 The borolithochromes: boron-co
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O-21 Study of the stable isotopic c
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O-23 Novel applications of trace me
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O-25 The chemical structure of inso
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O-27 Coenzyme factor 430: abundance
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O-29 Influence of temperature on me
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O-31 The fate of collembola derived
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O-33 Empirical relationship between
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O-35 Biomarker evidence for the Lat
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O-37 The seco-oleananes: identifica
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O-38 Microbial communities associat
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O-40 The importance of geochemical
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O-42 Charge history and petroleum g
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O-44 Bacterial formation of (di)eth
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O-46 Development of a novel tool fo
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O-48 Evolution of petroleum composi
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O-50 Beyond Orgas- BP’s new predi
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O-52 Nitrogen isotopes of amino aci
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O-54 Biomarker and petrographic evi
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O-55 The organic geochemistry of ca
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O-57 Exploring mass extinction even
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O-59 Black shale formation by micro
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O-61 The significant impact of weat
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O-63 Simultaneous shifts in tempera
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O-65 Fluxes and isotope composition
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O-67 Biogeochemical impact of CO2 e
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Bacteria number ml-1 Bacteria numbe
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O-71 Aquathermolysis: pressure effe
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O-73 Designing tight-shale producti
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O-74 Tracing 13C-labeled inorganic
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O-76 Carbon fluxes in phylogenetica
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O-78 Fluid property prediction from
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O-80 Denitrifying bacteria as poten
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O-82 Tetraether lipid profiles in c
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O-84 Prediction of gas volume and d
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Monday Poster Presentations 148
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P-002 Structure and function of asp
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P-004 Preliminary study of acid deg
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P-006 Chemical and geochemical char
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P-008 High resolution measurement o
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P-010 Acidic fraction analyses of B
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P-012 Heteroatom-containing compoun
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P-014 Evaluation of hydropyrolysis
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P-016 Iron isotopic compositions of
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P-018 Evaluation of accelerated sol
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P-020 Improvement of HPLC-protocols
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P-022 Open-system hydrous pyrolysis
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P-024 The phenolic characterisation
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P-026 Comparison of comprehensive t
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P-028 Characterisation of lignin de
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P-030 Trace analysis of methylated
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P-033 An evaluation of petroleum so
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P-035 Contrasting macromolecular or
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P-037 Evolution of depositional env
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P-039 Organic carbon content and ch
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P-041 Organic geochemistry of entra
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P-043 Petrological and organic geoc
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P-045 Occurrence and geochemical ch
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P-047 Characterization of lignites
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P-049 Organic matter of Lower Permi
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P-051 Kerogen sulphur, hydrogen and
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P-053 Sulfur-bound compounds in fre
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P-055 Organic matter preservation i
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P-058 Characterization of aromatic
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P-060 Biomarkers parameters used to
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P-063 Origin of crude oil with high
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P-065 Molecular maturation of Bitum
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P-067 C21-C23 steroidal tricyclic t
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P-069 The age and palaeoenvironment
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P-071 Structural characterization o
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P-074 Discussion on appliance of 25
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P-076 Lanostanes as the new biomark
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P-079 Geochemistry of ―just gener
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P-081 Geochemical evidence for two
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P-083 Thermal maturity assessment o
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P-085 Flash pyrolysis-gas chromatog
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P-087 Petroleum geochemistry of the
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P-089 Addressing thermogenic and bi
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P-091 Investigation of oil stabilit
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P-093 Organic geochemistry, petrole
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P-095 Natural petroleum fractionati
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P-097 Geochemistry of low-boiling
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P-099 Oxygen-containing compounds i
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P-101 Formation of giant deep-burie
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P-103 Geochemical characteristics o
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P-105 Challenges on the origin of o
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P-107 Caldera of the Uzon volcano a
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P-109 A saga on organic geochemistr
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P-111 An integrated inorganic and o
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P-114 Hydrocarbon generation potent
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P-116 Marine transgressional event
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P-118 The cracking kinetics of two
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P-120 The generation potential of t
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P-122 Organic geochemical character
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P-124 Compositional features of org
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P-126 The value of generation hydro
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P-128 Investigation of fish pond ma
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P-130 Bituminous mixtures of Hakemi
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P-132 Combined � 13 C - �D anal
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P-134 Biomarkers preserved in cave
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P-136 Analysis of insoluble organic
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P-139 Role and nature of organic ma
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P-141 Biosurfactants - a green alte
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P-143 Phenolic compounds in water l
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P-145 Current level of the organic
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P-147 The d13C composition of indiv
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P-149 Targeted chemical and physica
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P-151 Cu(II) complexation with humi
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P-153 Differentiation of indoor and
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P-156 A detailed study of the intac
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P-158 Unusual distribution of long-
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P-160 Biomarker signatures of metha
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P-162 Lipid biomarkers and bulk bio
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P-164 Chemotaxonomic composition an
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P-166 The role of two submarine can
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P-168 Correlation of crenarchaea an
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P-170 Microbial activity and abunda
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P-172 Microbially mediated carbonat
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P-174 Distinct microbial inventorie
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P-176 Microbial consortium mediatin
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P-178 Diversity of microbial commun
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P-180 Inhibition of anaerobic oil d
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P-182 The influence of hydrogen on
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P-184 Have they lost their heads? D
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P-187 Paleohydrological changes on
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P-189 Paleoenvironmental variations
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P-191 Highly branched isoprenoid al
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P-193 A new global calibration for
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P-195 Molecular fossils and the lat
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P-197 Sediment trap and core top st
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P-199 Detection of environmental ch
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P-201 Carbon and hydrogen isotope b
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P-203 Biogeochemical processes in H
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P-205 Lipid biomarker analysis of f
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P-207 Biomarkers along a holocene s
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P-209 A comparison of methane emiss
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P-211 Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maxi
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P-213 Biomarker proxies indicate si
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P-215 Distributions of long-chain d
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P-217 The Vinylguaiacol/Indole or V
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P-219 The age and palaeoenvironment
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P-221 Differences in distribution o
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P-225 The change of land plant deri
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P-227 Terrestrial organic matter in
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P-229 Geochemical peculiarities of
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P-231 Bacteriohopanepolyol content
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P-233 Branched GDGTs in the Yenisei
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P-235 Simulation of organic matter
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P-237 Nature of C29 sterols in the
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P-239 Differentiation of organic ma
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P-242 Changes of Rock-Eval HI, OI,
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P-244 Identification and distributi
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P-246 Carbon isotopes and lipid bio
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P-248 Comparison of soil organic ma
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P-250 Biomarker distribution along
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Wednesday Poster Presentations 388
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P-255 Gas source classification in
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P-257 The components and carbon iso
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P-259 Stable carbon isotopes of coa
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P-261 Natural gas generation, migra
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P-264 Natural gas geochemistry of t
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P-266 Geochemical and isotopic char
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P-269 Distribution of alkylbenzenes
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P-271 Terrestrial-derived biomarker
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P-273 Preservation of β-carotane i
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P-275 Aromatic hydrocarbons in oils
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P-277 Statistical analysis of diamo
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P-279 Characterization of biomarker
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P-281 The significance of novel A-n
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P-283 Correlation between compositi
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P-285 Understanding Fluid Inclusion
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P-287 The hydrocarbon occurrence an
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P-289 Correlation of crude oils res
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P-291 Geochemical parameters for un
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P-293 Hydrocarbon biomarkers in the
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P-295 Using diamondoids to unravel
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P-297 Significance of aromatic biom
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P-299 Drilling conditions making we
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P-301 Biomarker distributions and
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P-303 Evaluation of petroleum syste
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P-305 Geochemical indices of hydroc
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P-307 Basin modelling of the Hammer
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P-309 Comparative characteristics o
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P-311 High water pressure induced c
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P-313 Calibration of absolute matur
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P-315 Organic Geochemistry of Lower
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P-317 Laboratory simulation of vert
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P-319 The study of C1-C3 gas genera
Page 455 and 456: P-321 Hydrocarbon potential of Maik
Page 457 and 458: P-323 Paleoenvironment significance
Page 459 and 460: P-325 Origin of abnormal sonic resp
Page 461 and 462: P-327 Organic geochemistry and orga
Page 463 and 464: P-329 Characterising the deposition
Page 465 and 466: P-331 Organic-geochemical character
Page 467 and 468: P-335 Geochemistry of aqua-bitumoid
Page 469 and 470: P-337 Application of electrospray i
Page 471 and 472: P-339 Geochemical characterization
Page 473 and 474: P-341 Simulation studies on the ads
Page 475 and 476: P-343 Effective diffusivities of CO
Page 477 and 478: P-345 Oil Fingerprinting associated
Page 479 and 480: P-347 Strategies for the assessment
Page 481 and 482: P-349 Fluid pressure evolution and
Page 483 and 484: P-351 The releasing of covalently-b
Page 485 and 486: P-354 Sulfur isotope fractionation
Page 487 and 488: P-356 Controls on the kinetics of t
Page 489 and 490: P-358 Sulfur compounds in liquid pr
Page 491 and 492: P-360 High pressure pyrolysis of hy
Page 493 and 494: P-362 The reaction of elemental sul
Page 495 and 496: P-365 Geochemical evaluation of the
Page 497 and 498: P-367 Geochemical controls on shale
Page 499 and 500: P-369 Evolution of pores in organic
Page 501 and 502: P-371 Preliminary investigations in
Page 503 and 504: P-373 Geochemistry of coalbed metha
Page 505: P-375 Integration of basin modeling
Page 509 and 510: Thursday Poster Presentations 508
Page 511 and 512: P-381 Permissible concentration of
Page 513 and 514: P-383 Accumulation and degradation
Page 515 and 516: P-385 Source determination and dept
Page 517 and 518: P-387 The use of phospholipid fatty
Page 519 and 520: P-389 Biogeochemical process studie
Page 521 and 522: P-391 Environmental forensics-recen
Page 523 and 524: P-393 Geochemical characterization
Page 525 and 526: P-395 Source characterization using
Page 527 and 528: P-397 Impact of different operating
Page 529 and 530: P-399 Resolving sources and preserv
Page 531 and 532: P-402 New insights into soil organi
Page 533 and 534: P-404 Amino sugars as biomarkers fo
Page 535 and 536: P-406 Biogeochemistry of lake Soppe
Page 537 and 538: P-408 Sea surface salinity reconstr
Page 539 and 540: P-410 Carbon cycling in lacustrine
Page 541 and 542: P-412 Radiocarbon distributions in
Page 543 and 544: P-414 European lake sediment calibr
Page 545 and 546: P-416 Developing analytical protoco
Page 547 and 548: P-418 Extreme intra- and intermolec
Page 549 and 550: P-420 � 2 H differences among lip
Page 551 and 552: P-424 Intact polar lipid and associ
Page 553 and 554: P-426 Bacterial versus archaeal act
Page 555 and 556: P-428 Study of microbial activity a
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P-430 New bacteriochlorophyll degra
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P-432 Thermally stable anammox biom
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P-434 Impact of a high CO2 partial
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P-436 Methane oxidation in the wate
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P-438 Lipid biomarkers of archaeal
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P-440 Estimation of endospore numbe
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P-442 Deep-sea benthic archaea recy
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P-444 Isolating and cultivating env
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P-446 Distribution of ammonia-oxidi
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P-448 Genetic and metabolic charact
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P-450 Proxies based on archaeal and
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P-453 Experimental palaeochemotaxon
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P-455 Long term cooling and punctua
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P-457 Molecular and isotopic eviden
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P-459 Long-term variations of palae
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P-461 Miocene to Pliocene environme
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P-463 Holocene paleoclimatic variat
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P-465 Hydrological and biogeochemic
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P-467 Molecular hydrogen isotope sy
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P-469 Impact of anaerobic methane o
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P-471 Integrating biomarker and mic
Page 599 and 600:
P-473 Application of TEX86-paleothe
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P-475 Stable isotopes (C, S) and hy
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P-478 The first findings of 12- and
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P-480 The 3 P’s* and the Albian o
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P-482 Meter-scale oxygen gradients
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P-484 Coupling of Miocene-Pliocene
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P-486 New molecular marker and spec
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P-488 Paleoenvironmental changes fr
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P-491 Methoxy-serratenes as discrim
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P-493 Vegetation and soil organic m
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P-497 Decomposition of wheat straw
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P-499 The relationship between peat
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P-501 Land use and climatic effects
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P-503 Geochemical characterization
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P-505 Organic carbon composition an
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P-507 Dynamics of soil organic matt
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P-509 Exploiting isotopic, organic,
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P-511 The effect of soil moisture o
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P-513 Anaerobic oxidation of plant-
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P-515 Variability of terrestrially-
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Author Index 638
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Anselmetti Flavio S. O-63 Ansong Ge
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Brinkhuis Henk P-200, P-468 Britton
Page 645 and 646:
de Souza Carvalho Ismar P-017 Dedys
Page 647 and 648:
Francu Juraj P-037, P-266 Frank Ric
Page 649 and 650:
Hart Malcolm O-09 Hartkopf-Fröder
Page 651 and 652:
Jin Zhijun P-094 Jingjing Li P-179
Page 653 and 654:
Lausmaa Jukka O-58 Lavrieux Marlèn
Page 655 and 656:
Marsh Steven P-509 Marshall Chris O
Page 657 and 658:
Nemchenko- Rovenskaya Alla P-112 Ne
Page 659 and 660:
Radovic Miljana P-152 Ramanathan AL
Page 661 and 662:
Schröder Jan P-020, P-029 Schubert
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Strelnikova Eugenia P-099 Stuart-Wi
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Wakeham Stuart G. O-69 Walters Clif
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Zhang Jing P-515 Zhang Jingru P-398
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25th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry IMOG 2011

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