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Map 4.1: sites in the Asea Valley with evidence ranging from LH – G period (source: Hellenic Military Map Service 1:50 000, Tripolis & Megalopolis sheets). 45: Asea Palaiokastro; 46: Asea-Ayios Elias; 47: Ayios Nikolaos of Manaris; 48: Ayios Athenasios of Dorizas; 49: Ayios Yioryios of Athenaion; 50: AVS 67; 79: AVS 62. 126
Fig.4.19: view from Ayios Nikolaos of Manaris, the peak of Ayios Elias in the centre distance (photo: author). Fig.4.20: view to NE from Ayios Yioryios of Athenaion (photo: author). Fig.4.21: panoramic view with Ayios Elias to E from site AVS 67 (photo: author) 127
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ARKADIA IN TRANSITION: EXPLORING LA
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ABSTRACT This research explores the
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I begin by thanking
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3.3.1: Time and timescales ........
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APPENDIX 2: TABLES ................
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Fig.4.24: panoramic view from the p
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Fig.6.19 and Fig.6.20: View of the
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Map 6.5: plains of Pheneos and Stym
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Table A2.15: all settlement+ritual.
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LBA Late Bronze Age EIA Early Iron
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION People far
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put aside for many regions of Greec
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Such an approach based on whole lan
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historiography on the region, the s
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eference to similarly interpreted s
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accessed are indicated by a papercl
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2: BACKGRO
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sources. This mythical genealogy an
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sources referring to him in the Ark
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and Classical periods shows close l
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We learn that Tisamenus led the Spa
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e put in the narratives as told by
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one’s attention. Such fieldwork m
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In many ways, however, the fact tha
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interest in the prehistory of Arkad
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contributed to knowledge of six sit
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There have also been continuing exc
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much potential for agriculture, esp
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een documented that Pikoulas has ca
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there did not consider the mountain
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2.4.3 Topography and visibility The
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There is also some debate as to how
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inspire the idea that here is much
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3.1: Introduction CHAPTER 3: THEORY
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opinions are as valid as the next.
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Merleau-Ponty (2002). In addition,
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in detached ways, as a backdrop to
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eings living in the landscapes unde
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awareness. A space is not entered i
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‘Nature’ is a disembodied lands
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today it is partly encompassed by A
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more successfully through the creat
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LG period onwards, a site that alth
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evidence was also recorded, in orde
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These definitions changed throughou
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Site Name Subregion Stymphalia a -
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een predominant in one period rathe
Page 95 and 96: Given the constraints of this study
Page 97 and 98: the life of an individual; and even
Page 99 and 100: influence the environment (in the w
Page 101 and 102: Helladic (LH) (=Mycenaean), Sub Myc
Page 103 and 104: Mycenaean as a cultural phase, late
Page 105 and 106: primarily on Attic sequences. These
Page 107 and 108: interacted with, people are ‘in-t
Page 109 and 110: PART 2 89
Page 111 and 112: ground plan, in particular the Hous
Page 113 and 114: artefactual evidence also suggests
Page 115 and 116: The site of Orchomenos-Palaiopyrgos
Page 117 and 118: Nonetheless, perhaps it is to be un
Page 119 and 120: elonging to the Archaic and Classic
Page 121 and 122: 4.2.4: Sub Mycenaean and Protogeome
Page 123 and 124: Coldstream 2003, p.317). Religious
Page 125 and 126: and caves are often sites of religi
Page 127 and 128: collapsed cavern. Nevertheless, eve
Page 129 and 130: Fig.4.11: plan of the early structu
Page 131 and 132: along with possible earlier G bronz
Page 133 and 134: In the central region of Arkadia, t
Page 135 and 136: supported this notion with many san
Page 137 and 138: the BA evidence at the site of Ptol
Page 139 and 140: Apart from physical structures, muc
Page 141 and 142: the right things and performing the
Page 143 and 144: prominent natural features, sometim
Page 145: 4.4: Case Studies 4.4.1: Case Study
Page 149 and 150: had a specific and significant role
Page 151 and 152: positioned in the place it was, may
Page 153 and 154: Fig.4.23: the ash altar cut through
Page 155 and 156: have been dictated by seasons and s
Page 157 and 158: part of the lower plain of Orchomen
Page 159 and 160: Map 4.2: showing sites in proximity
Page 161 and 162: Rites on Vlakherna-Petra may have b
Page 163 and 164: Fig.4.34: view from the eastern slo
Page 165 and 166: Fig.4.35: view to the south, west a
Page 167 and 168: However, Ptolis was also an elevate
Page 169 and 170: The majority of G religious sites a
Page 171 and 172: have had a unique affect on the con
Page 173 and 174: urn-burials (in-urned cremations),
Page 175 and 176: weapons are present (e.g. shaft gra
Page 177 and 178: eport has yet been published. Howev
Page 179 and 180: Chalandritsa and tholoi from Bartol
Page 181 and 182: actual number of graves is unknown.
Page 183 and 184: p.84, p.88) follows Alden (1981, 21
Page 185 and 186: about the area at this time or excl
Page 187 and 188: Therefore, an understanding of the
Page 189 and 190: Fig.5.3: views from the site of anc
Page 191 and 192: Fig.5.4: possible tholos near the m
Page 193 and 194: In addition, the suggestion of retu
Page 195 and 196: tradition had it that Heracles crea
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Fig.5.6: plan of large tholos (sour
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The objects that the community plac
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However, the idea of children being
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immediate. At Vourvoura-Analipsis,
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There is further weight here for th
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At times the landscape would be con
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Fig.5.12: view of chamber tomb ceme
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mean that the living could not revi
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However, this site is not on its ow
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Besides being a potentially large c
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5.4.4: Case Study D: Artemision-Ayi
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Fig.5.18: view of pines at the site
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as the cemetery of Mantinea (see Ho
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people who were not directly involv
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the same period and same region. Th
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were awestruck when such structures
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6.1: Introduction CHAPTER 6: LANDSC
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society continued. In some areas, t
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emaining eighteen sites have struct
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C). The eight sites in the northeas
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Dörpfeld before him (1988, p.116 n
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eleventh century BCE. However, gene
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1949; Brann 1961). In fact, most ev
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A and that from Milea/Mantinea (28)
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In the central region of Arkadia, G
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evidence that does exist for other
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eduction in number of settlements a
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argues that Nichoria’s prosperity
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the distinct physicality of the lan
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Fig.6.6: view of the hill of Classi
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Map 6.2: LBA sites in and around th
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Fig.6.10: panoramic view from Khoto
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e of similar construction (AR 1996-
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area. For people who lived in a sim
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others did, embellishing and adding
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Fig.6.12: view from Merkovouni-Ayio
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Fig.6.14: view of Ptolis from Artem
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constraints, such as the mountains,
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6.4.3: Case Study C: Loukas-Ayios Y
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The LBA evidence has been taken to
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people at certain times, a meeting
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Fig.6.19 and Fig.6.20: View of the
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6.3.4: Case Study D: NE Arkadia - S
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Fig.6.23: apsidal structure 1 side
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Just to the south of the ancient Ph
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Fig.6.28: view to the south and Phe
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pass over the mountains, this place
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Nonetheless, in terms of altering p
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PART 3 273
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is the no-man’s land between the
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need to control and divide territor
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living within a wider network of in
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subsistence patterns posited, the n
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has been challenged over the last f
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ecognising corresponding themes suc
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ways of looking at the past to look
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impressions and artistic representa
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Although not quite the norm, alread
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the archaeological record with an a
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APPENDICES 295
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monumental task. In addition, it ha
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the past landscape and often a dist
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A first reaction to these kind of c
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programme producers wanted images s
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Although the ideas outlined above m
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archaeologists can affect how, why
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illustrating the text, of explainin
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Site ID Site Name period site type
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A2.2: Site type 2 categorisations S
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Site ID Site Name period n site typ
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Site ID Site Name site type 1 site
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Site ID Site Name site type 1 site
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Ancient Sources REFERENCES Ariaitho
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Amyx, D. A., (1988). Corinthian Vas
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Bintliff, J. L., (1991b). ‘The co
Page 351 and 352:
Calligas, (1988). ‘Hero cult in E
Page 353 and 354:
Cline E. H., (1994). Sailing the Wi
Page 355 and 356:
Dickinson, O. T. P. K., (1994). The
Page 357 and 358:
Forbes, H. (1996). ‘The Uses of t
Page 359 and 360:
Garton, D. (1991). ‘Neolithic Set
Page 361 and 362:
Hägg, R. & Marinatos, N. (eds.), (
Page 363 and 364:
Hodder, I (ed.) (2000) Towards Refl
Page 365 and 366:
Kayafa, M., (2006) ‘From Late Bro
Page 367 and 368:
Latour, B. & Woolgar, S., (1986). L
Page 369 and 370:
McDavid, C., (2000). ‘Archaeology
Page 371 and 372:
Murray, C. M., (1980). Mycenaean re
Page 373 and 374:
Palmer, L. R., (1980). The Greek La
Page 375 and 376:
Popham M. R., Sackett, L. H. & Call
Page 377 and 378:
Runnels, C. & van Andel, T., (1987)
Page 379 and 380:
Snodgrass, A. M., ([1971] 2000). Th
Page 381 and 382:
Tilley, C., (1993a). ‘Art, Archit
Page 383 and 384:
Wells, B., (1983) Asine II: Protoge
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