atoll research bulletin no. 392 the flora of - Smithsonian Institution ...

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Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke "false mallow" syns. M. tricuspidatum A. Gray; Malva coromandeliana L; Malva tricuspidata R. Br. Recent introduction. C. America to S . United States. Common. Tough-stemmed, woody-rooted, widely-branching annual herb or subshrub up to 1 m high (usually less); stems, pubescent with 4-rayed hairs; leaves, 2 to 6 cm long and 1 to 2.5 cm wide, alternate, ovate to ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, serrate, appressed- pubescent, 3-nerved from the base, midrib branched upward; petioles, 1.5 to 4 cm long, slender; stipules, 0.5 to 1 cm or more long, lanceolate to very narrow; inflorescences, axillary, solitary or finally appearing in short axillary and terminal clusters; peduncles, about 5 mm or longer; epicalyx of 3 free narrow subulate bracts; calyx, deeply 5-lobed, the sepals ovate, acute, pubescent; corolla, about 1.2 to 2 cm across, broadly cam- panulate, 5-petaled, opening after mid-day, finally falling with the staminal tube; petals slightly unequally bilobed at apex, yellow to salmon-orange; stamina1 column shorter than the corolla, divided at apex into numerous filaments; fruit, about 6 mm across, a discoid (wheelshaped) schizocarp breaking up at maturity into 10 one-seeded segments (meri- carps), each about 3 mm long, with a few stiff hairs and 2 stubby points on the convex side; seeds, 1.5 mm long, obliquely reniform, black with a dull surface. Weed in settled areas, roadsides and ruderal sites. 3(58694, 58728, 58766), 5, 6(207), 7, 8. Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. penduliflorus (Moc. & Sesse ex DC.) Schery "sleeping hibiscus", "Turk's cap" syns. M. penrlul~jlorus Moc. & Sesse ex DC.; M. conzatti Greenm.; M. gran- digorus Hort. non H.B. K. Recent introduction. Trop. America. Occasional. A shrub, 1 to 3 m high, with fibrous bark; leaves, 7 cm to 20 cm long and up to 10 cm wide, alternate, narrowly ovate to ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute to obtusely acuminate, base broad cuneate to rounded, serrate; petioles, usually 5 to 12 cm long, puberulent; stipules, about 7 mm long, linear; flowers, solitary, axillary, pendulous, hibiscus-like; pedicels, 4 to 6 cm long or longer, slender, pubescent; epicalyx of usually 6 to 7 linear oblong bracts, about 1 to 1.5 cm long, apex obtuse, margins ciliate; calyx, 5-lobed, exceeding bracts of epicalyx by up to 1 cm; corolla, about 4 to 7 cm long, 5-petaled, bright red (occasionally pink), petals, unequally obovate, slightly keeled, flattened at apex, base suricular, remaining rolled, overlapping and closed; staminal tube slightly exserted, slender, reddish or pale pink with dull purple anthers; fruit, a 5-seeded schizocarp, globose, fleshy, red. Planted ornamental. 5(124), 6.
Sida acuta Burm.f. "spiny-headed sida" , "broom weed" "coffee bush" (N) syns. S. carpinifolia L.f.; S. glomerata Cav. Recent introduction. Pantropical. Common. Low, freely-branching perennial subshrub, up to 1 m tall, with slender stems and a strong taproot; leaves, 1.5 to 7.5 cm long and 0.5 to 2 cm wide, alternate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, obtuse, cordulate or rounded at base, sharply serrate, yellowish-green, more or less stellate- pubescent or glabrous beneath, palmately 3-nerved from base, pinnately nerved above the base, midrib branched upward; petioles, 3 to 5 cm long; stipules linear-acute or linear- subulate, up to 12 mm long; inflorescences, solitary or paired, axillary or sometimes terminal; pedicels, 2 to 10 cm long; calyx, about 5 mm across, 5-lobed, lobes pointed; corolla, about 4 to 15 mm across, 5-petaled, petals united at base, obovate, rotate, yellow; stamens numerous, fused into a column (monadelphous); fruit, 4 to 5 mm broad, a 6 to 10-carpellate schizocarp, carpels 2-awned, grooved dorsally; seeds, about 1.5 to 2 mm long, rounded-wedge-shaped, dark reddish-brown. Weed on coastal strip, along roadside, and in and near thickets. Two forms, a narrow ovate-lanceolate-leaved form (22303) and a broader-leaved form (96) exist. 3(58615, 58649, 58806), 5(23, 96), 6, 7(22303), 8(9558, 9582). Sida fallax Walp. ekaura, idibin ekaura (N); te kaura (K) "ilima" (Hawaii) Indigenous. Indo-Pacific. Rare. Small downy, often almost prostrate, shrub, up to 50 cm high; leaves, about 2 to 4 cm long and 1 to 3 cm wide, alternate, oblong or cordate, acute or obtuse, serrate or scalloped-edged, glaucous, downy; petioles, about 1 to 2 cm long ??; flowers, axillary or terminal, solitary or 2 .or 3 near ends of branch tips; pedicels, 2 to 5 cm long, slender ??; calyx, about half as large as corolla, 10-ribbed, downy; corolla, about 2 to 2.5 cm across, 5-petaled, yellow to rich orange, reddish near the center; stamens numerous, fused into a column (monadelphous); fruit, a wheel-like, 7- to 12-carpellate schizocarp with 1-seeded, short-awned seed cases or carpels; seeds ??. Found in ruderal habitats on coastal strip and in areas cleared recently for phosphate mining. Unopened flower buds used, after soaking in coconut oil to retard their opening and make them last, to make headbands and necklaces worn by dancers and sportsmen during special occasions; dried and treated leaves used by I Kiribati, in Kiribati, as a very strong fertilizer and mulch in ceremonial giant swamp taro (Cyrtospemza chamis- sonis) gardens. l(5 .R), 2(7.5), 5(108), 6(l6O, 162). Sida rhombifolia L. "broomweed", "broom plant", "Cuba jute", "Paddy's lucerne" - -. "coffee bush", itsi (tea) (N) Recent introduction. Pantropical. Common. Tough-stemmed, much-branching, erect, stellate-pubescent shrub, 30 cm to 1.5 m high; leaves, 1.5 to 8 cm long and 0.7 to
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ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 392 THE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would
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CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTION AND A
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MARANTACEAE MUSACEAE ORCHIDACEAE PA
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Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4.
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of the indigenous flora. Although g
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Climatically, Nauru is located in t
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Apart from the provisioning of whal
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mortality (Zimmet et al. 1977, 1978
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Lake in Anetan. Fosberg (c. 1972) a
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The houseyard gardens of I-Kiribati
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Species entering the succession ear
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Table 2. Species indigenous or poss
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Hemandia nymphaeifolia Hibiscus til
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of 258 km2, and few beaches; and Ma
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Nature of Exotic Species Exotic spe
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General Construction Scenting OilIP
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Table 4. Species of particular cult
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subsistence activities have arguabl
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4. The name (s) or the abbreviation
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other collectors. In-the field data
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VASCULAR PLANTS OF NAURU PTERIDOPHY
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colonies and dense populations in u
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CYCADACEAE (Cycad Family) Cycas cir
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atolls in Tuvalu and the Tuamotu an
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markings, midrib strong with 15 to
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Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schot
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Livistonia chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br.
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CANNACEAE (Canna Family) Canna indi
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Cyperus iria L. I' sedge" Recent in
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up to 30 cm or more long; tubers, l
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Allium ascalonicum L. te anian (K);
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longitudinal bands; flowers, small,
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Dracaena sanderiana Sander "dracaen
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as the leaves; fruit, globose, oran
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Maranta leuconeura Morr. " maranta"
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medicinally to wrap sick persons to
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(Topside); women were formerly resp
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Chloris inflata Link syn. C. barbat
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Recent introduction. Old World trop
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Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. va
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PONTEDERIACEAE (Pickerel Weed Famil
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Recent introduction. Indonesia to P
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DICOTYLEDONAE ACANTHACEAE (Acanthus
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a calyx about 0.5 cm long and a two
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Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) R
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Achyranthes canescens R. Br. syn. A
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long; flowers, greenish to purplish
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Spondias mombin L. syn. S. lutea L.
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deltoid-ovate, but deeply toothed o
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Nerium oleander L. var. oleander te
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Recent introduction. India. Occasio
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Pre-World war I1 introduction. Mela
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Hoya carnosa (L.) R. Br. syns. Ascl
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Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. "purple
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to 2.5 cm wide, simple, alternate,
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BEGONIACEAE (Begonia Family) Begoni
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BOMBACACEAE (Bombax Family) Ceiba p
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petiolate or not clasping; petioles
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Rhaphanus sativus L. var. longipinn
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Capparis quiniflora DC. syn. C. ric
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lanceolate or subulate, awl-shaped
Page 126 and 127: stamens; fruit, about 2.5 cm long,
Page 128 and 129: Ipomoea hederifolia L. syn. I. angu
Page 130 and 131: CRASSULACEAE (Orpine Family) Kalanc
Page 132 and 133: mm long, many, whitish or buff, smo
Page 134 and 135: Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. "angled
Page 136 and 137: green, often mottled with various s
Page 138 and 139: terminal branching clusters (cymes)
Page 140 and 141: Euphorbia hypericifolia L. "spurge"
Page 142 and 143: orne in cyathia in sessile, axillar
Page 144 and 145: Phyllanthus amarus Sch. & Th. te ka
Page 146 and 147: Adenanthera pavonina L. bin ("beanU
Page 148 and 149: Recent introduction. Trop. America.
Page 150 and 151: Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. "sea bean
Page 152 and 153: pair largest, elliptic or ovate-lan
Page 154 and 155: Crotalaria retusa L. " rattlepod" R
Page 156 and 157: central plateau. No reported use in
Page 158 and 159: Indigenous. Indopacific. Occasional
Page 160 and 161: of leaflets; petioles, up to 10 cm
Page 162 and 163: and 5 to 7 mm wide, linear-oblong o
Page 164 and 165: parted; corolla, showy, bright scar
Page 166 and 167: HERNANDIACEAE (Hernandia Family) He
Page 168 and 169: Location. Fragrant flowers and leav
Page 170 and 171: crowded near the ends of branches;
Page 172 and 173: MALVACEAE (Mallow Family) Abutilon
Page 174 and 175: Hibiscus mutabilis L. "changeable r
Page 178 and 179: 2.5 cm wide, alternate, elliptic or
Page 180 and 181: long, linear, yellowish, fragrant;
Page 182 and 183: leaves, 10 to 30 cm long and 5 to 2
Page 184 and 185: MYRTACEAE (Myrtle Family) Eucalyptu
Page 186 and 187: numerous, anthers introrse, opening
Page 188 and 189: lades with axillary hair tufts bene
Page 190 and 191: Passiflora edulis Sims "passionfrui
Page 192 and 193: earing numerous crowded small flowe
Page 194 and 195: to 3 cm long; inflorescences, small
Page 196 and 197: emnant. Rare shrub with edible frui
Page 198 and 199: Ixora casei Hance "ixora" te katuru
Page 200 and 201: -- --- included, anthers normal but
Page 202 and 203: to bright yellow when ripe dependin
Page 204 and 205: SAPOTACEAE (Sapodilla Family) Chrys
Page 206 and 207: Russelia sarmentosa Jacq. Recent in
Page 208 and 209: Datura metel L. syn. D. fastuosa L.
Page 210 and 211: Solanum melongena L. "egg plant", "
Page 212 and 213: Triumfetta procumbens F0rst.f. "bea
Page 214 and 215: asally; petiole, 0.4 to 2 cm long,
Page 216 and 217: -- used in garlands. The first Naur
Page 218 and 219: strip in low-lying areas near base
Page 220 and 221: . c. 1972. Phytogeography of Micron
Page 222 and 223: Mueller-Dombois, D. 1975. Some aspe
Page 224 and 225: - . 1988a. Health and Nutrition in
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216 Appendix I. Class, subclass, fa
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Lauraceae 1 - 1 2 Lecythidaceae 1 -
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Lepidiwn bidentatum Peperomia spp.
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222 Cordia subcordata Qcas circinal
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