atoll research bulletin no. 392 the flora of - Smithsonian Institution ...

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Table 4. Species of particular cultural utility on Nauru based on an analysis of different individual uses listed under each species in Part I1 (Notes: 1) uses do not include a wide range of ecological functions or uses; A = probably an aboriginal introduction; R = recent post-European-contact introduction; all undesignated species are possibly indigenous). Latin Name Uses Cocos nucifera (A) Hibiscus tiliaceus Pandanus tectorius Scaevola taccada Morinda citrifolia Guettarda speciosa Calophyllum inophyllum Cordia subcordata Terminalia catappa Artocapus altilis Thespesia populnea Toumefortia argentea Premna serratifolia Triumfetta procumbens Vitex spp. Ochrosia elliptica Cassytha Jiliformis Musa ABB Group (R) Bambusa vulgaris (R) Carica papaya (R) Dodonea viscosa Hemandia nymphaeifolia Plumeria rubra (R) Psidium guajava (R) Erythrina variegata Bruguiera gymnorhiza Barringtonia asiatica Vigna marina Clerodendrum inerme Gardenia taitensis (R) Jasminum sambac (R) Crinum asiuticum (R) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (R)
Note: Species with two (2) recorded uses each: Polypodium scolopendria, Cyperus javanicus, Abutilon asiaticum, Ficus prolixa, Pisonia grandis, Sida fallax, Ipomoea pes- caprae, Spondias dulcis (A), Ageratum conyzoides (R) , Asclepias curassavica (R) , Bougainvillea spp. (R) , Cassia occidentalis (R) , Catharanthus roseus (R) , Citrus aurantifolia (R) , Delonix regia (R) , Lxora casei (R) , Lantana camara (R) , Mangifera indica (R), Mirabilis jalapa (R), Ocimum basilicum and 0. sanctum (R). In terms of specific uses, cultivated ornamentals and food plants are by far the most common. If, however, only indigenous plants are considered, the most widely reported uses are for medicine, body ornamentation, general construction, cultivated ornamentation, boat or canoe building, tools or utensils, handicrafts, scenting coconut oil or perfumery, firewood or fuel, games and toys, hair conditioners, food parcelization, woodcarving, covering or insulating the earthen oven, magic or sorcery, emergency or famine foods, cordage or fibre, clothing, plaited ware and furniture. It must be stressed that the analyses are based on traditional uses, many of which have lapsed or are only employed in emergency, because modern technology has pre- empted them. Modern medicine, clothing, fishing lines, matches, crockery, plastic bags, soap, and emergency food rations (food aid) have, for example, replaced traditional plant-derived products in Nauru. Moreover, many of the current generation, schooled in the modern educational system and living in the cash economy, often know few of the traditional uses of plants, let alone their vernacular names . . . a state which could be referred to as "devegetation of the mind" . . . and which has undoubtedly contributed to the degradation of the indigenous and long-established aboriginal vegetation in Nauru. Of particular note is the importance of traditional food and beverage crops, the abandonment of which, for highly imported foods such as sugar, white rice and flour, cabin biscuits, noodles canned fish, soft drinks, alcohol and tea, has led, as stressed above, to dangerous levels of food dependency and some of the highest, or most rapidly increasing, incidences in the world of vitamin and mineral deficiency and nutrition related diseases. Diseases such as iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin-A-deficiency-induced night blindness, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, gout and hyper- uricemia, some forms of cancer and dental disease, which were rarely encountered in the past are now serious causes of morbidity and mortality in Nauru, and among other Pacific island populations (Speake gt d. 1979; Coyne 1984; Taylor 1983; Zimmet gt d. 1977, 1978; Thaman 1982, 1983, 1988a). CONCLUSION The vegetation and flora of Nauru are among the most impoverished, degTaCd, disturbed and displaced in the Pacific islands. Long habitation, almost a century of open- cast phosphate mining, continuous bombing, destruction and displaceme~t of the people during World War 11, rapid urbanization and the abandonment of agriculture and
Page 1 and 2: ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 392 THE
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTION AND A
Page 7 and 8: MARANTACEAE MUSACEAE ORCHIDACEAE PA
Page 9: Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4.
Page 12 and 13: of the indigenous flora. Although g
Page 14 and 15: Climatically, Nauru is located in t
Page 16 and 17: Apart from the provisioning of whal
Page 18 and 19: mortality (Zimmet et al. 1977, 1978
Page 20 and 21: Lake in Anetan. Fosberg (c. 1972) a
Page 22 and 23: The houseyard gardens of I-Kiribati
Page 24 and 25: Species entering the succession ear
Page 26 and 27: Table 2. Species indigenous or poss
Page 28 and 29: Hemandia nymphaeifolia Hibiscus til
Page 30 and 31: of 258 km2, and few beaches; and Ma
Page 32 and 33: Nature of Exotic Species Exotic spe
Page 34 and 35: General Construction Scenting OilIP
Page 38 and 39: subsistence activities have arguabl
Page 40 and 41: 4. The name (s) or the abbreviation
Page 42 and 43: other collectors. In-the field data
Page 44 and 45: VASCULAR PLANTS OF NAURU PTERIDOPHY
Page 46 and 47: colonies and dense populations in u
Page 48 and 49: CYCADACEAE (Cycad Family) Cycas cir
Page 50 and 51: atolls in Tuvalu and the Tuamotu an
Page 52 and 53: markings, midrib strong with 15 to
Page 54 and 55: Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schot
Page 56 and 57: Livistonia chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br.
Page 58 and 59: CANNACEAE (Canna Family) Canna indi
Page 60 and 61: Cyperus iria L. I' sedge" Recent in
Page 62 and 63: up to 30 cm or more long; tubers, l
Page 64 and 65: Allium ascalonicum L. te anian (K);
Page 66 and 67: longitudinal bands; flowers, small,
Page 68 and 69: Dracaena sanderiana Sander "dracaen
Page 70 and 71: as the leaves; fruit, globose, oran
Page 72 and 73: Maranta leuconeura Morr. " maranta"
Page 74 and 75: medicinally to wrap sick persons to
Page 76 and 77: (Topside); women were formerly resp
Page 78 and 79: Chloris inflata Link syn. C. barbat
Page 80 and 81: Recent introduction. Old World trop
Page 82 and 83: Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. va
Page 84 and 85: PONTEDERIACEAE (Pickerel Weed Famil
Page 86 and 87:
Recent introduction. Indonesia to P
Page 88 and 89:
DICOTYLEDONAE ACANTHACEAE (Acanthus
Page 90 and 91:
a calyx about 0.5 cm long and a two
Page 92 and 93:
Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) R
Page 94 and 95:
Achyranthes canescens R. Br. syn. A
Page 96 and 97:
long; flowers, greenish to purplish
Page 98 and 99:
Spondias mombin L. syn. S. lutea L.
Page 100 and 101:
deltoid-ovate, but deeply toothed o
Page 102 and 103:
Nerium oleander L. var. oleander te
Page 104 and 105:
Recent introduction. India. Occasio
Page 106 and 107:
Pre-World war I1 introduction. Mela
Page 108 and 109:
Hoya carnosa (L.) R. Br. syns. Ascl
Page 110 and 111:
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. "purple
Page 112 and 113:
to 2.5 cm wide, simple, alternate,
Page 114 and 115:
BEGONIACEAE (Begonia Family) Begoni
Page 116 and 117:
BOMBACACEAE (Bombax Family) Ceiba p
Page 118 and 119:
petiolate or not clasping; petioles
Page 120 and 121:
Rhaphanus sativus L. var. longipinn
Page 122 and 123:
Capparis quiniflora DC. syn. C. ric
Page 124 and 125:
lanceolate or subulate, awl-shaped
Page 126 and 127:
stamens; fruit, about 2.5 cm long,
Page 128 and 129:
Ipomoea hederifolia L. syn. I. angu
Page 130 and 131:
CRASSULACEAE (Orpine Family) Kalanc
Page 132 and 133:
mm long, many, whitish or buff, smo
Page 134 and 135:
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. "angled
Page 136 and 137:
green, often mottled with various s
Page 138 and 139:
terminal branching clusters (cymes)
Page 140 and 141:
Euphorbia hypericifolia L. "spurge"
Page 142 and 143:
orne in cyathia in sessile, axillar
Page 144 and 145:
Phyllanthus amarus Sch. & Th. te ka
Page 146 and 147:
Adenanthera pavonina L. bin ("beanU
Page 148 and 149:
Recent introduction. Trop. America.
Page 150 and 151:
Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. "sea bean
Page 152 and 153:
pair largest, elliptic or ovate-lan
Page 154 and 155:
Crotalaria retusa L. " rattlepod" R
Page 156 and 157:
central plateau. No reported use in
Page 158 and 159:
Indigenous. Indopacific. Occasional
Page 160 and 161:
of leaflets; petioles, up to 10 cm
Page 162 and 163:
and 5 to 7 mm wide, linear-oblong o
Page 164 and 165:
parted; corolla, showy, bright scar
Page 166 and 167:
HERNANDIACEAE (Hernandia Family) He
Page 168 and 169:
Location. Fragrant flowers and leav
Page 170 and 171:
crowded near the ends of branches;
Page 172 and 173:
MALVACEAE (Mallow Family) Abutilon
Page 174 and 175:
Hibiscus mutabilis L. "changeable r
Page 176 and 177:
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Gar
Page 178 and 179:
2.5 cm wide, alternate, elliptic or
Page 180 and 181:
long, linear, yellowish, fragrant;
Page 182 and 183:
leaves, 10 to 30 cm long and 5 to 2
Page 184 and 185:
MYRTACEAE (Myrtle Family) Eucalyptu
Page 186 and 187:
numerous, anthers introrse, opening
Page 188 and 189:
lades with axillary hair tufts bene
Page 190 and 191:
Passiflora edulis Sims "passionfrui
Page 192 and 193:
earing numerous crowded small flowe
Page 194 and 195:
to 3 cm long; inflorescences, small
Page 196 and 197:
emnant. Rare shrub with edible frui
Page 198 and 199:
Ixora casei Hance "ixora" te katuru
Page 200 and 201:
-- --- included, anthers normal but
Page 202 and 203:
to bright yellow when ripe dependin
Page 204 and 205:
SAPOTACEAE (Sapodilla Family) Chrys
Page 206 and 207:
Russelia sarmentosa Jacq. Recent in
Page 208 and 209:
Datura metel L. syn. D. fastuosa L.
Page 210 and 211:
Solanum melongena L. "egg plant", "
Page 212 and 213:
Triumfetta procumbens F0rst.f. "bea
Page 214 and 215:
asally; petiole, 0.4 to 2 cm long,
Page 216 and 217:
-- used in garlands. The first Naur
Page 218 and 219:
strip in low-lying areas near base
Page 220 and 221:
. c. 1972. Phytogeography of Micron
Page 222 and 223:
Mueller-Dombois, D. 1975. Some aspe
Page 224 and 225:
- . 1988a. Health and Nutrition in
Page 226 and 227:
216 Appendix I. Class, subclass, fa
Page 228 and 229:
Lauraceae 1 - 1 2 Lecythidaceae 1 -
Page 230 and 231:
Lepidiwn bidentatum Peperomia spp.
Page 232 and 233:
222 Cordia subcordata Qcas circinal
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