100 PRESENT ALIEN (INTRODUCED) SPECIES ПРИСУТНИ ВОВЕДЕНИ (АЛОХТОНИ) ВИДОВИ SPECIET E HUAJA SOT TË PRANISHME ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ ΞΕΝΑ ΕΙΔΗ (ΑΛΛΟΧΘΟΝΑ)
Carassius gibelio PRUSSIAN CARP КАРАС KARASI PRUSIAN ΠΕΤΑΛΟΎΔΑ conservation status статус <strong>на</strong> зашт<strong>и</strong>та statusi i mbrojtjes κατάσταση διατήρησης NE Description The Prussian carp belongs to the Cyprinidae family. It was introduced into the Prespa Lakes in the 1970’s <strong>and</strong> used to be regarded either as a sub-species of the goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) or as its wild form, but is now considered a species in its own right. As a result, it is often described either under the scientific name Carassius auratus gibelio, reflecting its previously assumed connection with the goldfish, or under the name Carassius gibelio, emphasising its status as a separate species. In size <strong>and</strong> appearance the Prussian carp is deep-bodied <strong>and</strong> plump, its shape most reminiscent of those of the Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) <strong>and</strong> carp (Cyprinus carpio). Its sides <strong>and</strong> belly are pale yellow or silvery, rather than the golden yellow usually seen in Crucian carp. These two species also differ in the shape of their fins: the caudal (tail) fin of Crucian carp is straight, that of Prussian carp forked. The underside fins of a Crucian carp are reddish, while those of a Prussian carp are lighter in colour. The last simple anal <strong>and</strong> dorsal rays strongly serrated; 37-52 gill rakers; lateral line with 29-33 scales; freed edge of dorsal concave or straight; anal fin with 5½ branched rays. Оп<strong>и</strong>с Сребрен<strong>и</strong>от карас пр<strong>и</strong>паѓа <strong>на</strong> семејството крапов<strong>и</strong> – Cyprinidae. Тој е воведен во Преспанското Езеро во седумдесет<strong>и</strong>те год<strong>и</strong>н<strong>и</strong> <strong>на</strong> м<strong>и</strong><strong>на</strong>т<strong>и</strong>от век. Прв<strong>и</strong>чно се м<strong>и</strong>слеше дека станува збор за подв<strong>и</strong>д <strong>на</strong> злат<strong>на</strong>та р<strong>и</strong>пка (Carassius auratus auratus), <strong>и</strong>л<strong>и</strong> нејз<strong>и</strong><strong>на</strong> д<strong>и</strong>ва форма, но денес тој се смета како посебен в<strong>и</strong>д. Порад<strong>и</strong> тоа, овој в<strong>и</strong>д може да се сретне под <strong>на</strong>учното <strong>и</strong>ме Carassius auratus gibelio (порад<strong>и</strong> врската со злат<strong>на</strong>та р<strong>и</strong>пка), <strong>и</strong>л<strong>и</strong> како Carassius gibeliо (согласно негов<strong>и</strong>от моментален статус <strong>на</strong> посебен в<strong>и</strong>д). Карасот <strong>и</strong>ма в<strong>и</strong>соко <strong>и</strong> задебелено <strong>и</strong>сполнето тело, а неговата форма многу потсетува <strong>на</strong> формата <strong>на</strong> златн<strong>и</strong>от карас (Carassius carassius) <strong>и</strong> <strong>на</strong> крапот (Cyprinus carpio). Негов<strong>и</strong>те стран<strong>и</strong> <strong>и</strong> стомакот се бледо жолт<strong>и</strong> <strong>и</strong>л<strong>и</strong> сребрен<strong>и</strong>кав<strong>и</strong>, спрот<strong>и</strong>вно од златно – жолтата боја <strong>на</strong> <strong>и</strong>ст<strong>и</strong>те делов<strong>и</strong> кај златн<strong>и</strong>от карас. Ов<strong>и</strong>е два в<strong>и</strong>да <strong>и</strong>сто така се разл<strong>и</strong>куваат <strong>и</strong> по обл<strong>и</strong>кот <strong>на</strong> н<strong>и</strong>вн<strong>и</strong>те перк<strong>и</strong>: каудал<strong>на</strong>та (опаш<strong>на</strong>та) перка кај златн<strong>и</strong>от карас е права, додека кај сребрен<strong>и</strong>от карас е в<strong>и</strong>лушкеста. Перк<strong>и</strong>те од в<strong>на</strong>треш<strong>на</strong>та стра<strong>на</strong> <strong>на</strong> златн<strong>и</strong>от карас се црвен<strong>и</strong>кав<strong>и</strong>, додека кај сребрен<strong>и</strong>от карас се поблед<strong>и</strong> во обојувањето. Përshkrimi Karasi prusian i takon familjes Cyprinidae. Është introduktuar në Liqenet e Prespës në vitet 70 dhe është konsideruar ose si sub-specie e karasit të artë (Carassius auratus auratus) ose si formë e tij e egër, por tani konsiderohet të jetë specie në vete. Si rezultat i kësaj ai shpesh përshkruhet ose me emrin e tij shkencor Carassius auratus gibelio, që pasqyron lidhjen e supozuar të mëparshme të tij me karasin e artë, ose me emrin Carassius gibelio duke theksuar statusin e tij si specie e veçantë. Me madhësi dhe pamje karasi prusian karakterizohet me trup të thellë dhe të shëndoshë, forma e tij që kujton më së shumti karasin e bronxtë (Carassius carassius) dhe krapin (Cyprinus carpio). Pjesët anësore të tij janë të fryra dhe në ngjyrë të verdhë të zbehtë ose të bronztë, në dallim nga krapi i cili ka ngjyrë të verdhë të artë. Këto dy specie gjithashtu dallojnë në formën e pendëve të tyre: penda kaudale (bishti) i krapit është i drejtë, ai i karasit prusian është si pirun. Pendët e anës së poshtme janë të kuqërremta ndërsa ato të karasit prusian janë me ngjyrë më të hapur. Περιγραφή Η Πεταλούδα ανήκει στην οικογένεια Cyprinidae (κυπρινοειδή). Εισάχθηκε στις Λίμνες των Πρεσπών τη δεκαετία του 1970 και συνηθιζόταν να θεωρείται υπο-είδος χρυσόψαρου (Carassius auratus auratus) ή σαν την άγρια μορφή του, αλλά τώρα θεωρείται ξεχωριστό είδος. Σαν αποτέλεσμα, συχνά περιγράφεται με το επιστημονικό όνομα Carassius auratus gibelio, απεικονίζοντας έτσι την παλιά του υποτιθέμενη σχέση με το χρυσόψαρο, ή με το όνομα Carassius gibelio που δίνει έμφαση στο καθεστώς του σαν ξεχωριστό είδος. Σε μέγεθος και εμφάνιση η Πεταλούδα είναι μεγαλόσωμη, με το σχήμα της να θυμίζει περισσότερο τον χρυσαφί κυπρίνο (Crucian carp/ Carassius carassius) και τον κυπρίνο (Cyprinus carpio). Τα πλευρά και η κοιλιά του είναι κιτρινωπά ή ασημί, παρά χρυσαφο-κίτρινα που συνήθως είναι στον χρυσαφί κυπρίνο. Αυτά τα δύο είδη διαφέρουν επίσης στο σχήμα των πτερύγιων τους: το ουραίο πτερύγιο του χρυσαφί κυπρίνου είναι ίσιο, αυτό της Πεταλούδας διχαλωτό. Τα κάτω πλευρικά πτερύγια του χρυσαφί κυπρίνου είναι κοκκινωπά, ενώ αυτά του της Πεταλούδας είναι πιο ανοιχτόχρωμα. 101