3 Fish biology and anatomy Биологија и анатомија на ... - UNDP
3 Fish biology and anatomy Биологија и анатомија на ... - UNDP
3 Fish biology and anatomy Биологија и анатомија на ... - UNDP
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Alburnus belvica<br />
PRESPA BLEAK<br />
ПРЕСПАНСКА БЕЛВИЦА, ПЛАШИЦА, НИВИЧКА<br />
GJUCA E PRESPËS, CIRONKA<br />
ΤΣΙΡΌΝΙ<br />
conservation status статус <strong>на</strong> зашт<strong>и</strong>та statusi i mbrojtjes κατάσταση διατήρησης VU<br />
Etymology<br />
The name of the genus Alburnus comes<br />
from the Latin word albus, meaning white<br />
or whitish which is associated with the<br />
white-silvery colour of the scales of this<br />
fish. The name belvica has the same<br />
meaning – white, <strong>and</strong> it has the same<br />
common name.<br />
Description<br />
This is an endemic species from the<br />
Cyprinidae family. The bleak has a laterally<br />
flat body covered with tiny scales which<br />
are bright <strong>and</strong> easily falling off. It has an<br />
upper mouth which is facing upwards. The<br />
dorsal fin begins behind the end of the<br />
pectoral fin <strong>and</strong> ends before the anal fin.<br />
The body from the upper side is greyish<br />
green, while from the side it is silverywhite<br />
<strong>and</strong> the colour of the belly is milky<br />
white.<br />
The Prespa bleak is distinguished from<br />
other species of Alburnus in Europe by<br />
having the following characteristics:<br />
30-38 gill rakers; anal origin about 1-2½<br />
anal scales behind base of last dorsal ray;<br />
anal fin with 12-15½ branched rays; 48-<br />
58 + 3 lateral line scales; depth of caudal<br />
peduncle is 2.0-2.1 times its length; The<br />
bleak can grow up to 200 mm.<br />
Ет<strong>и</strong>молог<strong>и</strong>ја<br />
Името <strong>на</strong> родот Alburnus потекнува од<br />
лат<strong>и</strong>нск<strong>и</strong>от збор albus, кој з<strong>на</strong>ч<strong>и</strong> бело<br />
<strong>и</strong>л<strong>и</strong> белузлаво, а е поврзано со бело –<br />
сребрен<strong>и</strong>кавата боја <strong>на</strong> крлушк<strong>и</strong>те <strong>на</strong><br />
оваа р<strong>и</strong>ба. Името belvica го <strong>и</strong>ма <strong>и</strong>стото<br />
з<strong>на</strong>чење.<br />
Оп<strong>и</strong>с<br />
Станува збор за ендем<strong>и</strong>чен в<strong>и</strong>д од<br />
фал<strong>и</strong>м<strong>и</strong>јата Cyprinidae. Белв<strong>и</strong>цата <strong>и</strong>ма<br />
латерално плос<strong>на</strong>то тело покр<strong>и</strong>ено со<br />
с<strong>и</strong>тн<strong>и</strong> лушп<strong>и</strong> ко<strong>и</strong> се блескав<strong>и</strong> <strong>и</strong> лесно<br />
отпаѓаат. Има гор<strong>на</strong> ус<strong>на</strong> која се протега<br />
<strong>на</strong>горе. Дорзал<strong>на</strong>та перка почнува<br />
од крајот <strong>на</strong> пекторал<strong>на</strong>та перка <strong>и</strong><br />
завршува пред а<strong>на</strong>л<strong>на</strong>та. Телото од<br />
гор<strong>на</strong>та стра<strong>на</strong> е с<strong>и</strong>вкасто – зелено,<br />
додека од стра<strong>на</strong> е сребренесто – бело,<br />
а бојата <strong>на</strong> стомакот е млечно бела.<br />
Преспанската белв<strong>и</strong>ца се разл<strong>и</strong>кува<br />
од друг<strong>и</strong>те в<strong>и</strong>дов<strong>и</strong> <strong>на</strong> Alburnus во<br />
Европа со тоа што г<strong>и</strong> <strong>и</strong>ма следн<strong>и</strong>ве<br />
карактер<strong>и</strong>ст<strong>и</strong>к<strong>и</strong>: 30-38 жабрен<strong>и</strong><br />
лац<strong>и</strong>; а<strong>на</strong>лн<strong>и</strong>от отвор е скоро 1-2½<br />
од а<strong>на</strong>лн<strong>и</strong>те лушп<strong>и</strong> зад основата <strong>на</strong><br />
последн<strong>и</strong>от дорзален (грбен) зрак;<br />
а<strong>на</strong>л<strong>на</strong>та перка е со 12-15½ разгранет<strong>и</strong><br />
зрац<strong>и</strong>; <strong>и</strong>ма 48-58 + 3 лушп<strong>и</strong> во<br />
стран<strong>и</strong>ч<strong>на</strong>та л<strong>и</strong>н<strong>и</strong>ја; длабоч<strong>и</strong><strong>на</strong>та <strong>на</strong><br />
опашното стебло е 2.0-2.1 пат<strong>и</strong> од<br />
неговата долж<strong>и</strong><strong>на</strong>. Белв<strong>и</strong>цата може да<br />
<strong>и</strong>зрасне до 200 mm..<br />
Etimologjia<br />
Emri i gjinisë Alburnus buron nga fjala<br />
latine albus, që do të thotë e bardhë ose<br />
bardhoshe që është e ndërlidhur me<br />
ngjyrën e bardhë-argjendtë të luspave të<br />
peshkut. Emri belvica është me të njëjtin<br />
kuptim – i bardhë dhe ai ka të njëjtin<br />
emër të rëndomtë.<br />
Përshkrimi<br />
Kjo është një specie endemike nga familja<br />
Cyprinidae. Gjuca anash e ka trupin e<br />
rrafshët të mbuluar me luspa të imta të<br />
cilat janë të ndritshme dhe bien lehtë. Ka<br />
një gojë të sipërme e drejtuar nga lart.<br />
Penda dorsale fillon nga fundi i pendës<br />
së gjoksit dhe përfundon para pendës<br />
fundore. Trupi në pjesën e sipërme është<br />
me ngjyrë të jeshile të hirtë, ndërsa nga<br />
anash është i argjendtë-bardhë dhe ngjyra<br />
e barkut është e qumësht e bardhë. Gjuca<br />
e Prespës dallohet nga speciet tjera të<br />
Alburnus në Evropë me karakteristikat në<br />
vijim: 30-38 krehër të velëzave; pjesa anale,<br />
fundore fillon rreth 1-2½ luspa fundore<br />
pas bazës së rrezes së butë të fundit të<br />
dorsales; penda fundore me 12-15½ hala<br />
të buta të degëzuara; 48-58 + 3 luspa në<br />
vijën anësore; thellësia e kërcellit bishtor<br />
është 2.0-2.1 herë gjatësia e vet; Gjuca<br />
mund të rritet deri në 200 mm.<br />
Ετυμολογία<br />
Το όνομα του γένους Alburnus προέρχεται<br />
από την Λατινική λέξη albus, που σημαίνει<br />
άσπρο ή λευκοειδής, γεγονός που<br />
συσχετίζεται με το λευκό-ασημί χρώμα των<br />
λεπιών αυτού του ψαριού. Το όνομα belvica<br />
έχει την ίδια έννοια, δηλαδή άσπρο.<br />
Περιγραφή<br />
Είναι ένα ενδημικό είδος της οικογενείας<br />
Cyprinidae. Το τσιρόνι έχει ένα πλευρικά<br />
επίπεδο σώμα που καλύπτεται από<br />
μικροσκοπικά λέπια τα οποία είναι φωτεινά<br />
και βγαίνουν εύκολα. Έχει στόμα που<br />
κοιτά προς τα επάνω. Το ραχιαίο πτερύγιο<br />
ξεκινά πίσω από το τέλος του θωρακικού<br />
πτερυγίου και τελειώνει πριν από το πίσω<br />
πτερύγιο. Το σώμα από την πάνω πλευρά<br />
είναι πράσινο προς γκρί, ενώ από τα<br />
πλευρά είναι ασημί-άσπρο και το χρώμα<br />
της κοιλιάς είναι λευκό γαλακτώδες. Το<br />
τσιρόνι των Πρεσπών διακρίνεται από<br />
άλλα είδη Alburnus στην Ευρώπη έχοντας<br />
τα παρακάτω χαρακτηριστικά: βράγχια<br />
30-38, όπισθεν κατεύθυνση περίπου 1-2½<br />
όπισθεν λέπια πίσω από το τελευταίο<br />
ραχιαίο πτερύγιο, όπισθεν πτερύγιο με<br />
12-15½ συνδεόμενες ακτίνες, 48-58 +3<br />
πλευρικά γραμμικά πτερύγια, βάθος μίσχου<br />
ουράς 2.0-2.1 φορές το μήκος του. Το<br />
τσιρόνι μπορεί να μεγαλώσει έως 200 mm.<br />
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