The Triumphant Life of Theodore Roosevelt edited by J. Martin Miller

SPEECHES OF THEODORE ROOSl'A'ELT 353
tcr of this kind conflicts with the public good, it shall at least be niiuimizcd.
It is all right and inevitable that we should divide on party lines, but woe to
us, if we are not Americans first and party men second! What we really need
in this country is to treat the tariff as a business proposition from the stand,
point of the interests of the couutrj' as a whole, and not from the standpoint of the
temporary needs of any political party. It surely ought not to be necessary to dwell
upon the extreme unwisdom, from a business standpoint, from the standpoint of
national prosperit)-, of violent and radical changes amounting to the direct upsetting
of tariflf policies at intervals of every few years. A nation like ours can adjust its
business after a fashion to any kind of tariflf. But neither our nation nor any other
can stand the ruinous policy of readjusting its business to radical changes in the tariff
at short intervals. This is more true now than ever it was before, for, owing to the
immense extent and variety of our products, the tariff schedules of to-day carry rates
of duty on more than four thousand articles. Continual sweeping changes in such a
tariff, touching so intimately the commercial interests of the nation which stands as
one of the two or three greatest in the whole industrial world, cannot but be^disas-
trous. Yet, on the other hand, where the industrial needs of the nation shift as
rapidly as they do with us, it is a matter of prime importance that we should be able
to readjust our economic policy as rapidly as possible and with as little friction as
possible to these needs.
PARALYZE THE INDUSTRIES
We need a scheme which will enable us to provide a reapplication of the prin-
ciple to the changed conditions. The problem, therefore, is to devise some method
by which these shifting needs can be recognized and the necessary readjustments of
duties pro\'ided without forcing the entire business community, and therefore the
entire nation, to submit to a violent surgical operation, the mere threat of which, and
still more the accomplished fact of which, would probably paralyze for a considerable
time all the industries of the country. Such radical action might very readily repro-
duce the conditions from which we suflfered nine years ago, in 1893. It is on every
account most earnestly to be hoped that this problem can be solved in some manner
into which partisanship shall enter as a purely secondary consideration, if at all
that is, in some manner which shall provide for an earnest eflfort by non-partisan
inquiry and action to secure any changes the need of which is indicated by the effect
found to proceed from a given rate of duty on a given article : its eflfect, if any, as
regards the creation of a substantial monopoly ; its effect upon domestic prices, upon
the revenue of the government, upon importations from abroad, upon home produc-
tion, and upon consumption. In other words, we need to devise some machinery by
which while persevering in the policy of a protective tariff, in which I think the