A dictionary of modern gardening - University Library

C H A 140 CHE
the season, never suffering materially
by either drought or moisture."
On spring sown onions and on turnips,
Mr. Barnes finds charred or carbonized
vegetable refuse equally beneficial.
Three rows, each 95 feet long,
of the white globe onion, manured with
bone-dust, weighed 251 lbs.; whilst
three similar rows of the same variety,
and grown under precisely similar circumstances,
but manured with charrings,
weighed 289 lbs.
CHARD. See Artichoke.
CHARDOON. See Cardoon.
CHARi^'.AS graminis. Antler or
grass moth, has a yellowish-brov/n
head and back— upper wings brownish
grey, appears in July and August. Its
caterpillar brown or blackish, with five
lighter stripes down the back. This
lives at the roots of grasses, and eats
their young blades.
CHASMONIA incisa. Hardy annual.
Seeds. Common soil.
CHEILANTHES. Fourteen species.
Ferns. Green-house, stove or hardy
herbaceous perennials. Division. Peat
and loam.
CHEIMATOBIA brumata. Winter
moth. This is the parent of that
scourge of fruit trees, the greenlooper
caterpillar. It appears in November.
One female will lay 200 eggs, depositing
them on the bends and bark of the
upper branches of the apple and other
fruit trees. The caterpillars appear
with the bursting of the buds, on the
tips of the leaves, petals, and calyxes
of which they feed. They form a small
web within the blossom, and glue and
gnaw its petals so as to destroy it.
When the fruit is formed, that becomes
their favourite ftiod. They descend
and bury themselves in the earth, to
assume the chrysalis form about the
end of May. Frosts in November, ants
and birds, are their natural enemies.
As the females have no wings, a thick
coating of gas-lime sprinkled a foot
broad over tiie surface, round the stems
of fruit trees at the end of October, and
renewed once or twice in November
and December, would prevent their
ascent ; or a broad band of bird lime
might be smeared round the stems
themselves. An advantage of espalier
and dwarf fruit trees is, that their buds
are easily examined for these caterpillars
and other marauders.
CHEIRANTHUS. Eleven species,
and many varieties. Green-house or
half-hardy evergreen shrubs. C.fruticulosus,
C. ochroleucus are hardy herbaceous
perennials. Cuttings. Rich common
soil. See Wallflower.
CHEIROSTEMON platanoides
Stove evergreen tree. Leafy cuttings.
Sandy loam.
CHELIDONIUM. Two species.—
Hardy herbaceous perennials. Division.
Common soil.
CHELONE. Seven species. Hardy
herbaceous perennials. Division. Peat
and loam.
CHENOLEA diffma. Green-house
evergreen shrub. Cuttings. Light rich
soil.
CHERLERIA sedoides. Hardy herbaceous
perennial. Division. Sandy
loam and peat.
CHERMES. See Psylla.
CHERRY. (Cera^us.)
Varieties.—There are eighty in the
London Horticultural Society's list, of
which some are quite inferior and others
scarcely differ except in name. The
following we extract from the Catalogue
of D. Landreth & Fulton, Philadelphia
:
.