A dictionary of modern gardening - University Library

C L A 152 CL A
to increase their number. The opera- plants to two feet apart. The sowing
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I tion of pruning is performed at any time must be annual. Seed may be saved
when it appears i to be necessary, always, by allowing some plants to run up the
however, taking care to have a sue- next ' spring; they ripen their seed in
cession of young wood coming in. In September.
thinning the fruit, particular attention] CLAUSEN Apewiap/ii/Z/a. Stove everought
to be paid to the state of the tree, green tree. Cuttings. Rich loam,
for the quantity of fruit must be entirely CLAVIJA. Two species. Stove
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regulated by the vigour of the tree ; no ; evergreen shrubs. Cuttings. Peat and
better rule can be laid down than that : loam.
for governing the operation of thinning. I
is a constituent of all fertile
CLAY
If a tree appears debilitated in the soils, though in these it rarely exceeds
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extreme, it must not be allowed to carry one-sixteenth part, and generally bears
any fruit for an entire season. a much smaller relative proportion to
One cause of debility is, allowing the the other constituents. In its pure
fruit to remain long after it is ripe. Of state it is known as alumina. It is the
that required for confectionary purposes best of all additions to light, unretentive
a larger quantity may be lett on the soils, for it retains moisture much more
trees, but it must always be propor- powerfully than any other earth. M.
tioned to the capabilities of the tree. Schubler found, that when silicious sand
Cleaning the Plants.—The greatest lost eighty-eight parts of moisture, and
attention should be paid to cleanliness chalky sand seventy-six, ;
stiff clay in the
the consequences of allowing insects to same time lost only thirty-five parts.
overrun a collection of plants are fami- When clay has to be conveyed in large
liar to every one acquainted with gar- quantities, and to a distance, it should
dening.
" The aphis attacks the tender shoots
be dug and laid exposed in rough spits
to the air for several days before it is
and young leaves; the red spider the carted, and, indeed, so should all earths;
for, as Mr. Ciithbert Johnson states
more advanced foliage; and the coccus
hesperidum every part of the plant.
" Almost every gardener has his peculiar
nostrum for destroying these animals
; but a good preventive is cleanliness
in everything about the plants.
" The coccus may be brushed off,
using a brush that is no harder than is
just necessary to remove the insect.
" For the thrips red spider, and aphis,
a sponge and clean water will remove
them all, if used before the insects have
become very numerous.
" Fumigation should never be re-
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his valuable Farmer^s Encyclopedia, if
one hundred cubic yards of chalk, clay,
or marl have to be moved, by drying
previously they will lose in weight as
follows :
Chalk . , 20 to 24 tons.
Clay . , 32 " 42 "
Marl . . ]8 •' 26 "
For the improvement of clay lands,
by rendering their staple less retentive,
burning some of their own soil is an
efficient application. One hundred tons
per acre for this purpose are not too
sorted to except in extreme cases. many ; for a dressing as a manure, thirty
" The leaves should also be cleaned tons are a good quantity. Tiie follow
with a damp sponge as often as they ing is the mode of burning clay,
appear clogged by dust adhering to the " Let sods be cut of a ! convenient
resinous exudations on their surface."— size to handle, say a foot wide and
{Card. Chron.— Gard. Almanack.) eighteen inches in length ; with these
CLADANTHUS. Two species. form a parallelogram or long square;
Hardy annual and half hardy evergreen let the walls be a couple of feet thick,
shrub. Seeds. Common soil.
and trampled or beaten firmly together,
CLARKIA. Three species and va- and raised at least three feet high ; the
riety. Hardy annuals. Seeds. Com- first heap should be so situated, that the
mon soil.
wind may blow against one of its sides;
CLARY. (Salvia sclarea.) Its leaves it may be from four to six yards long,
are sometimes used in soups and medi- by three yards I wide, and an aperture
cated wines. A very small number of within one yard of each end, j and others
plants are sufficient for a family. Sow at a distance of about five feet from
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early in April, or a month earlier in these should be left in the side walls,
any light-soiled border. Thin the when building, for the purpose of form-
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