A dictionary of modern gardening - University Library

—
T R A 595 T R A
torn, especially where a supply of more
wood is wanted, it may be retained,
and pinched or topped down to a few
eyes in May or June; it will send out
several laterals below, the same season;
and instead of one rude luxuriant
shoot, there will be four or five of moderate
growth to fill the vacancy more
effectually, and that will much sooner
attain to iruitfulness."
—
Abercromhie.
Besides the above usual modes of
trainin^T — for which see also IValls,
Espaliers, and Standards— there are
two other modes which deserve notice.
Quenouille Training " consists in
training one upright central shoot in
summer, and shortening it down to
fifteen inches at the winter pruning, in
order that it may, at that height, produce
branches forming a tier, to be
trained, in the first instance, horizontally.
The shoot produced by the up
the Gardener''s Magazine, viii. 680, by
means of which standard rose trees are
converted into masses of flowers. The
figure given in that work represents the
variety called the ' Bizarre de la Chine,'
which flowers most abundantly to the
ends of its branches, and was truly a
splendid object."
TRANSPLANTING is most successfully
performed, whenever the roots are
least required for supplying the leaves
with moisture. The reason is obvious,
because the roots are always in some
degree broken, and lessened in their
absorbing power, by the process of
removal. Now the leaves require least
moisture in the autumn and winter,
therefore, these are the seasons when
transplanting is effected with least injury
to a plant. That such is the rationale
of seasonable transplanting is
:
i
proved by the fact that pots in plants,
permost bud is, however, trained as with reasonable care, may be transupright
as possible during the summer, planted at any season. This rule, too,
and is cut back, so as to produce another
tier fifteen inches above the first,
is sanctioned both by theory and practice
— transplant as early as possible
and so on until the tree has reached the after the leaves cease to require a supdesired
height. In this climate, it is ply of sap, the reason for which is,
necessary to train the shoot downwards, that the vital powers in the roots conwhich
is easily done by tying those of tinue active long afterthey have become
the first tier to short stakes, those of torpid in the branches and fresh roots
each successive tier being
the branches below them.
fastened to
When the
are formed during the autumn and
winter, to succeed those destroyed by
shoots are thus
full length, or
arched downwards at
nearly so, they soon
transplanting.
" If the months of
December," says Dr.
November and
Lindley, " arc
the most favourable for transplanting
more time to be devoted to them than
espaliers." Gard. Citron.
Balloon Training.—On this mode I
merely extract the following from Dr.
Lindley's Theory of Horticulture —
" What are called ballnon apples and
:
'
come into a bearing state ; but in this
climate, if cut short, as the French do,
they only send up a number of shoots deciduous trees, and March and .\pril
annually. The plan answers very well the worst, how much more important
where it can be at all times properly
attended to ; but if this cannot be
must be those periods to evergreens.
An evergreen differs from a deciduous
guaranteed, the ordinary form of dwarf plant in this material circumstance, that
is preferable. Quenouilles require it has no season of rest; its leaves remain
alive and active during the winter,
and, consequently, it is in a state of
per[)etual growth. I do not mean that
it is always lengthening itself in the form
of new branches, for this happens periodically
only in evergreens, and is usu-
pears,are formed by forcing downwards '
ally
confined to the spring ; but that its
'
!
!
'
all the branches of standard trees till circulation, perspiration, assimilation,
the points touch the earth, and they and production of roots are incessant,
have the merit of producing large crops Such being the case, an evergreen,
of fruit in a very small compass; their when transplanted, is liable to the same
upper parts are, however, too much risks
exposed to radiation at night, and the with
as deciduous plants in full
one essential difference.
leaf,
The
crop from that part of the branches is leaves of evergreens are provided with
apt to be cut off. One of the prettiest I a thick hard epidermis, which is tender
applications of this principle is that of and readily permeable to aqueous ex-
'
Mr. Charles Lawrence, described in halations only when quite young and