A dictionary of modern gardening - University Library

TRA 594 TRA
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five feet high, either a wall, paling, up in summer than now appears necesreed-fence,
&c.
sary, or than can be trained in with due
"The trees thus planted, in spring regularity, retrench such superfluities;
following, just as they begin to make an likewise any remaining fore-right or
effort for shooting, should be headed back shoots, and other irregular growths
down ; that is, the first shoots from the omitted in summer, not eligibly situated
budding, &c., to be cut down to within for training in, should also be now all
three or four eyes or buds of its place pruned out, cutting everything of the
of insertion in the stock, especially above nature, both superabundances
those intended for dwarfs; also the and irregularities, quite close to their
origin, being careful, however, to leave
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half-standards, if worked on tall stocks;
and this heading down both prevents
their running up too high with a single
all the regular, well - placed, useful
shoots that can readily be trained witli
naked stem, branchless below, and due regularity, without crowding or
causes them to throw out lateral shoots crossing one another, all of which
also be cleared from all lateral
: should
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from the lower part, to fill the wall or
espalier regularly with branches quite or side shoots, if any ; and with respect
from the bottom upward ; for they will to their being shortened more or less,
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soon after push forth strong shoots from or left entire, you will order, according
all the remaining lower buds, which to your discretion, agreeably to the
shoots, when of due length, in summer, above-mentioned hints,
should be trained along to the fence, " Thus, having obtained a regular
equally to the right and left, at full spread of branches sufficient to eff'ect
length, till next spring, when these the proper expansion requisite to form
shoots may also be cut down to six or a trained wall or espalier tree, they
eight inches' length, to force out a must then be pruned according to the
further supply of more branches near method peculiar to each respective sort
the bottom. Continue shortening, more of fruit, as directed in their culture,
or less, the two or three first sprigs on each under its proper genus. Training
the last summer's shoots, as you shall espalier trees is effected exactly in the
see necessary, in order to obtain a pro- manner as above, only these may be
per spread of lower branches to give also trained as they stand in the nursethe
tree its intended form. Though this ry lines, in the open quarters or borwork
of pruning short, to obtain laterals, ders, &c., by ranging some stout stakes
may also be performed occasionally in 1 in the ground, along one side of each
summer, in May, or early in June, on tree. Where a general luxuriancy prethe
strong young shoots of the year, vails, while under the course of traincutting
or pinching them down to a ing, or after, it is advisable, in the work
few eyes, and they will thereby throw of pruning, to use the knife with mode-
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out lower laterals the same season, and, ration ; for the more wood we cut out
by that means, a year's growth is gained. of a generally vigorous tree, and the
Branches thus gained arrive to proper more the shoots are shortened, the more
length in summer for training in ; they vigorous will it continue to shoot withshould
all be trained along close to the 'out ever becoming properly fruitful ;
wall ; and if any fore-right or back and if severe cutting is repeatedly
shoots come out, rub them all off close, continued, the tree often exhausts so
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leaving the well-placed side shoots in greatly by luxuriant shooting, that it
every part; and let the whole, or as suddenly assumes a weak consumptive
many as possible, be trained in during state. Such trees as are vigorous only
this season, to have plenty to choose in particular shoots, may, in some cases,
from in the general pruning season of have such shoots radically retrenched,
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winter or spring—train equally to the in others reserved ; that if a very
right and left on each side of the tree,
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vigorous shoot runs considerably strongin
a spreading somewhat horizontal er than all the rest, and seems to supmanner,
nowhere crossing one another, port its vigour at the expense of the
but ^t parallel distances, and mostly others in its neighbourhood, it should
all at full length during the summer's
growth.
In the winter pruning we are to
be retrenched to the very origin, as
early in summer as discoverable. In
other cases, if a luxuriant shoot arise
observe that, if more wood was trained in any vacant space towards the hot-