A dictionary of modern gardening - University Library

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ERY 214 ESP
the preservation of the roots through are withered, which takes place during
the winter." Gard. Chron. North of the last-named month, when, being
the Potomac it will be safer to remove carefully dried and housed, they will
the Erythrina c.-galli in autumn -to
some sheltered situation, where it may
keep until the following spring. Care
must be taken that they are gradually
be kept in nearly a dry or dormant state dried in an airy situation, shaded from
until the spring, when it may again the meridian sun, which would cause
occupy its position in the open air.
KRYTUROLJENA conspicua. Hardy
biennial. Seed. Rich loam.
EllYTIIRONIUM. Four species.
Hardy bulbs. Offsets. Common soil,
them to wrinkle; as also to store them
in dry weather.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA. See Chryseis.
ESPALIER, is a tree trained to a
trellis instead of a wall, and though
with a little peat
the fruit it bears is not quite equal to
ESCALLONIA. Seven species, that borne by a tree of the same variety
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Green-house and half-hardy evergreen
shrubs.
loam.
Cuttings. Peat, sand, and
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trained against the wall, yet it is far
superior to that borne on either dwarf
ESCHALLOT or SHALLOT.
or full standards. Of this the causes
^Z-j obviously are, that the fruit and leaves
liu7n ascalonicum. Of this there are are more fully supplied with sap, and
the common, and the long-keeping, the more perfectly exposed to the light and
]ast continuing good for two years. warmth of the sun. Some gardeners
Both have a stronger taste than the object to their introduction into the
onion, yet not leaving that odour on the kitchen garden on the plea that they
palate which the latter is accustomed deprive the under crops of air and light,
to do, it is often preferred and em- but if confined to the borders of the
ployed in its stead, both in culinary main walks, the shelter they afford to
preparations, and for eating inits natural those crops is more than commensurate
state. to the slight interruption suggested. In
Time and Mode of Propagation.— addition, they are highly ornamental.
Each offset of the root will increase in and greatly improve the aspect of the
a similar manner as its parent. The kitchen garden. Espalier rails should
planting may be performed in October run parallel with the walks, and at four
and November, or early in the spring, feet distance from them ; not higher
as February, March, or beginning of than five feet; neat, and if made of
April. The first is the best season, wood, tarred, and the ends which are
especially if the soil
bulbs become finer.
lies dry, as the fixed in the ground charred; though
If the smallest blocks of stone sunk into the ground,
offsets are employed for planting, they with iron sockets or bases to receive
never become mouldy in the ground, those ends, are still better.
and they are never injured by the most Gooseberries and Currants are highly
intense frosts.
improved by being trained as espaliers,
They are to be planted on the surface, and may be so grown along borders
six inches asunder each way, in beds near the side walks of the kitchen
not more than four feet wide, some very garden. For these the trellis must be
rich mould being placed beneath them, not higher than three feet from the
and a little raised on each side to sup- ground, and for the purpose stakes
port them until they become firmly
rooted, when it must be entirely removed
by the hoe, and a strong current
about four inches in circumference,
and thus arranged, are very suitable.
of water from the watering pot. The
Fig. 41.
compost laid beneath the offsets may
consist of a mixture of well-decayed
hot-bed dung and soot, which is very
favourable to their growth, and is a
preservative from the maggot.
Cultivation.—The only attention they
subsequently require is to be kept clear
of weeds. Some may be taken up as
Various suggestions have been made for
altering the form of espalier trellises,
wanted in June, July, and August, but! but let the gardener never adopt any
not entirely for storing until the leaves I that declines from the perpendicular.