Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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Platteklip Blinkwater Table Mountain Newlands Coastal Ranges SAN FRANCISCO Klamath Mountains Eerste river Sosyskloof Swartoskloof Temporary reference sites Permanent reference sites Langrivier Berg Palmiet River Molenaars River Elandspad River Franschoek Hottentotsholland Mountains SOUTH AFRICA (SW-Cape) Town Mountain Ranges Regional amd local scale: convergences and divergences CALIFORNIA MED-BASIN (SPAIN) CAPE TOWN Cascade Ranges Sierra Nevada Berg River Sierra Nevada Ranges PERTH SW-AUSTRALIA Figure 2. Sampling sites in California, Spain, South Africa and SWAustralia. Sampling procedure Iberian Ranges Serpentine River Murray River E T3 Dirk River T1 M2 Manjedal Brook T2 D P1 Pyrenees Ranges Gooralong Brook Serpentine River Montseny Mountain BARCELONA All reference sites were sampled using the Protocol 2 developed by the GUADALMED project (see Bonada et al., Chapter 1; Jáimez-Cuéllar et al., in press). This Spanish project attempts to assess the ecological status of the Mediterranean rivers according to the guidelines of the Water Frame Directive (WFD) (European Parliament and Council, 2000). The first stage of the 93 Tramuntana Range
Chapter 3 Project was to establish a standardized methodology to be used as a Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP). The protocol was initially developed by Prat et al. (1997, 1999, 2000b), and has been tested and established later for all sampling sites in GUADALMED Project. Although GUADALMED Protocol was conceived as a bioassessment method, the fine mesh size used (250 µm) and the absence of sampling restrictions comparing with other procedures, allow us the use of this Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (and specially Protocol 2) in macroinvertebrate community studies (Bonada et al., Chapter 2). In each site, several physical and chemical parameters were measured in situ as pH, oxygen (mg/l and %), temperature, conductivity and discharge. Two indexes developed in the GUADALMED Project were applied to check for the applicability of Spanish methodology in other mediterranean areas. The first one is the QBR, an index that to assess riparian vegetation quality (see Munné et al., 1998, 2002; Suárez and Vidal-Abarca, 2000 and Suarez et al., in press). The second one is the IHF designed to characterize habitat diversity (see Pardo et al., in press), a method with some similarities with the RBP’s method used in EEUU (see Barbour et al., 1999). For macroinvertebrates, the GUADALMED methodology consists in collecting samples separately from riffles (R) and lentic (L) habitats with a circular kick net of 250 µm mesh size. Each sample is examined in the field and successive samples in both habitats are taken until no more families are found, to collect a representative sample of the community. Several invertebrates seen in the field but not taken in the sample were also recorded, as the large Heteroptera and Coleoptera. Samples were preserved in alcohol 70% and sorted in the lab, to avoid errors in identifying taxa. Macroinvertebrates were identified at family level (except Oligochaeta and Hydracarina) and a rank of abundances was recorded for each taxa: 1 from 1- 3 individuals, 2 from 4-10, 3 from 11-100 and 4 for more than 100 individuals. Thus, data were semiquantitative and all the statistical analysis has been done according to it. Data Analysis Macroinvertebrate community assemblage in all med-regions A Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) was applied to the presence/absence matrix with all taxa in med-regions. This ordination method preserves the distances between objects, plotting dissimilar objects far from the similar ones (Legendre & Legendre, 1998). On the other hand, the NMDS method is a method not based on eigenvalues, and the final axes are arbitrary without enclosing the explained variability. Because of the presence/absence data, 94
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Departament d’Ecologia Facultat d
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Als rius
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Agraïments Ara que miro enrera, me
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Als companys del GUADALMED per have
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Chapter 6 ─ Trichoptera (insecta)
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Resum Hi ha cinc regions en el món
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Resum Factors històrics Factors ec
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Resum METODOLOGIA CAPÍTOL 1: Un pr
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Resum Capítol 1. De manera general
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Resum conca Mediterrània (65% de s
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Resum importants al sud-oest austra
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Resum Els resultats mostraren que l
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Resum No s’han trobat diferèncie
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Resum OBJECTIUS Capítol 6 Presenta
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Resum comunitats de tricòpters tro
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Resum elevades salinitats (probable
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Resum d’asimetria fluctuant i, pe
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Brief introduction and objectives T
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Brief introduction and objectives H
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Brief introduction and objectives 3
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Chapter 1 (Karr, 1981, 1996) using
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Chapter 1 Figure 1. Segura basin an
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Chapter 1 PROTOCOL 2: The samples c
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 1 Macroinvertebrates: effec
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 1 % similarity Figure 4. De
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 1 number of taxa ISASPT 28
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 1 are some differences in t
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 1 results got in the field
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 1 The more appropriate taxo
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 1 Protocol 1. Non-reference
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 1 CORKUM, L. D. (1989). Pat
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 1 RESH , V. H.; NORRIS, R.
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 1 Annex 1. List of taxa fou
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 2 The organisms more used t
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 2 Palmiet basins were selec
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 2 calcareous and sedimentar
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 2 Similarities and differen
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 2 1 0 -1 Spain B24-RLB24-SV
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 2 200 160 120 80 40 0 40 30
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 2 macroinvertebrate fauna o
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 2 methodology yield better
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 2 VIDAL-ABARCA, M.R.; VIVAS
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 2 NORRIS, R. H. & GEOREGES,
Page 95 and 96: Chapter 2 82
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 3 whereas summers are hot w
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 3 When first explorers arri
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 3 stream in the most humit
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 3 studies at multiple scale
Page 105: Chapter 3 ecoregion; 4 in “Northe
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 3 condition this method is
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 3 Table 2. Exclusive and ub
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 3 Chile and SAustralia have
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 3 Differences between all s
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 3 the abundants Caenidae, H
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 3 Mean of % relative abunda
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 3 For the rest of med-regio
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 3 The values of IV-values f
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 3 Temporary sites are chara
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 3 but not for MedBasin and
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 3 Table 9. IndVal results b
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 3 CALIFORNIA 70.8% MEDBASIN
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 3 Geological connexions Com
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 3 In spite of these observe
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 3 multivoltine life cycles
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 3 intermittency, flood freq
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 3 Other convergences and di
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 3 BALL, I. R. (1975). Natur
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 3 DE MOOR, F. C. (1992). a.
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 3 GENTILLI, J. (1989). Clim
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 3 LOGAN, P. & BROOKER, M. P
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 3 PRAT, N. 1993. El futuro
Page 153 and 154: Chapter 3 Minshall, G. W. (eds.). S
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 3 Annex 1. Presence and abs
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Chapter 3 California MedBasin Chile
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Chapter 3 Plate 1. Characteristics
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Chapter 4 Lake, 1992; Cooper et al.
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Chapter 4 Coastal Ranges SAN FRANCI
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Chapter 4 IndVal method (Dufrêne &
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Chapter 4 the bottom have a similar
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Chapter 4 Figure 4. Bray-Curtis clu
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Chapter 4 because methodologies, sa
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Chapter 4 mediterranean areas in th
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Chapter 4 DELUCCHI, C. M. (1989). M
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Chapter 4 168
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Chapter 5 distribution of organisms
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Chapter 5 & Allan, 1995). The level
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Chapter 5 samples were preserved wi
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Chapter 5 Data analysis Seasonal ch
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Chapter 5 Macroinvertebrates and te
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Chapter 5 As a change in the flow c
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Chapter 5 2 1 0 -1 -2 1 0 -1 -2 Ca
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Chapter 5 number of taxa 45 40 35 3
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Chapter 5 Results from the 4 th Cor
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Chapter 5 flow species”. They dis
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Chapter 5 As Townsend and Hildrew (
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Chapter 5 a mix of riffles/pool/cor
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Chapter 5 Although natural disturba
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Chapter 5 GRAY, L. J.; FISHER, S. G
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Chapter 5 RESH, V. H.; JACKSON, J.
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Chapter 5 Annex 1. Physical structu
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Chapter 5 Annex 3. Biological trait
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Chapter 5 Annex 5. Maximum affinity
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Chapter 6 high number of endemic sp
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Chapter 6 Checklist structure and t
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Chapter 6 This species has been rec
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Chapter 6 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
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Chapter 6 11- Rhyacophila pascoei M
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Chapter 6 1984), specially to suspe
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Chapter 6 This species can be found
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Chapter 6 Figure 3. Cephalic head f
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Chapter 6 47- Tinodes maclachlani K
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Chapter 6 64- Drusus rectus (McLach
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Chapter 6 pieces of litter arranged
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Chapter 6 Tordera Basin: ToM6, ToM7
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Chapter 6 Although M. aspersus have
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Chapter 6 Superfamily LEPTOCEROIDEA
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Chapter 6 TRIBU Triaenodini Morse,
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Chapter 6 Schizopelex McLachlan, 18
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Chapter 6 present a European distri
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Chapter 6 REFERENCES BALLETTO, E. &
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Chapter 6 PRAT, N.; PUIG, M. A. & G
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Chapter 6 Annex 1. Sampling sites w
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Chapter 6 MIJARES BASIN TURIA BASIN
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Chapter 6 GUADALQUIVIR BASIN Site c
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Chapter 7 (e.g., Ormerod & Edwards,
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Chapter 7 Figure 1. Basins sampled
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Chapter 7 taken until no more famil
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Chapter 7 Geomorphological variable
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Chapter 7 Seasonal changes in caddi
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Chapter 7 Table 2. Maximum abundanc
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Chapter 7 headwaters at high altitu
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Chapter 7 Table 4. Pearson correlat
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Chapter 7 X 2 axis X 3 axis 3 2 1 0
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Chapter 7 280 WILK'S LAMBDA CONDUCT
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Chapter 7 midstreams with a mix of
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Chapter 7 high significant of each
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Chapter 7 % of total variation % of
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Chapter 7 Geology has been consider
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Chapter 7 Although the large set of
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Chapter 7 AUSTIN, M. P., & GREIG-SM
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Chapter 7 RIERADEVALL, M.; SÁINZ-C
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Chapter 7 POWER, M. E.; STOUT, R. J
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Chapter 7 ZAMORA-MUÑOZ, C.; ALBA-T
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Chapter 7 * Type of the riparian ha
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Chapter 7 Annex 3. Taxa’s codes C
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Chapter 8 & Higler, 1992). Ecologic
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Chapter 8 Spain France Town Mountai
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Chapter 8 depending on their degree
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Chapter 8 Optimum and Tolerances fr
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Chapter 8 abundance over 100 but ca
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Chapter 8 O&T for IBMWP O&T for QBR
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Chapter 8 O&T for SS O&T for SULPHA
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Chapter 8 The two species of Potamo
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS OXYGEN
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS 0 P-PHO
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Chapter 8 DISCUSSION The wide range
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Chapter 8 incorporated, indexes at
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Chapter 8 DOHET, A. (2002). Are cad
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Chapter 8 SUÁR Segura. TER B 1. TO
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Chapter 8 Annex 1. List of caddisfl
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Chapter 8 334
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Chapter 9 about the effect of envir
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Chapter 9 SPAIN FRANCE Pyrenees Med
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Chapter 9 influenced by salinity be
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Chapter 9 depending on the trait. A
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Chapter 9 Similarly to levels of FA
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Chapter 9 mix of individuals with l
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Chapter 9 Macroinvertebrates and Fi
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Chapter 9 MERILÄ, J. & BJORKLUND,
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Chapter 9 Annex 1. Values of mean (
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Conclusions 4. Responses to tempora
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Conclusions 356
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Conclusions 358
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Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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