Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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Local scale: Habitat and temporality effects Spatial Heterogeneity and its relationship with temporal heterogeneity Using the ranking method described above (RPS score), the sampling stations were arranged from the most permanent to the more ephemeral from the data provided in Annex 1. The rank ordination of the stations for each attribute is indicated in Annex 2 (percentage of hard habitat, percentage of pools and the relative flow in winter and the summer). The final RPS score (the sum of the four values for each sampling site) is in Table 1 with RPS scores ranging from 16.5 to 84. This is the physical gradient defined by this index, going from the more permanent station (MR2) to the more ephemeral one (RP1). In Table 1 together with the physical gradient according to the RPS score, the observed condition of each site in the field (with flow higher than 1 l/s in summer, only pools in summer or dry) is presented. According to these results and in order to make easier further analysis and interpretations, the gradient has been separated in three categories or groups by the k-means clustering (permanent, intermittent and ephemeral). According to the analysis the first 7 sites are classified as permanent (with an error of bad classification of 14%); the next 11 as intermittent (with an error of 27%); and the last 7 sites as ephemeral (with an error of 0%). Spatial and Temporal heterogeneity and macroinvertebrates Figure 5 shows the number of winter families and summer families along the RPS gradient. The limit between permanent, intermittent and ephemeral stations are showed in the figure. There is a clear gap between the ephemeral and the other stations, with an increase of summer taxa in intermittent and permanent stations in summer and winter seasons. The maximum number of families has been found in a site that in summer has high percentage of pools and with flow between them (RP7). In permanent and intermittent sites, the number of families found in winter was higher than in summer. Summer season present a lower number of taxa although they enhance an increase of the total richness, with addition of an average of 8 new taxa. Although a change in richness is observed along the gradient, the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric ANOVAs indicate that only in the ephemeral sites have significant lower values (p
<strong>Chapter</strong> 5 number of taxa 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 PERMANENT INTERMITTENT EPHEMERAL Total Winter Summer MR2 MR6 RP2 MR7 RP7 MR3 MR12 MR1 MR8 RN1 RP4 MR4 GA1 SI1 RP6 MR10 RP5 RN2 GA2c SI2 GA2a RN3 MR9 RP3 RP1 Figure 5. Variation of the number of taxa (total, winter exclusive and summer) along the RPS gradient from permanent to ephemeral reaches. When EPT and OCH values are compared in separately in the wet and dry period (Figure 6), no differences between permanent and intermittent sites can be distinguish. Besides, ephemeral sites present a very low number of EPT and OCH fauna in winter respect intermittent and permanent conditions. Accordingly to the observed in Figure 3 and 4, differences from wet and dry period in the macroinvertebrates are based in a change from EPT dominant to OCH dominant. 184
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Departament d’Ecologia Facultat d
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Als rius
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Agraïments Ara que miro enrera, me
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Als companys del GUADALMED per have
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Chapter 6 ─ Trichoptera (insecta)
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Resum Hi ha cinc regions en el món
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Resum Factors històrics Factors ec
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Resum METODOLOGIA CAPÍTOL 1: Un pr
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Resum Capítol 1. De manera general
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Resum conca Mediterrània (65% de s
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Resum importants al sud-oest austra
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Resum Els resultats mostraren que l
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Resum No s’han trobat diferèncie
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Resum OBJECTIUS Capítol 6 Presenta
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Resum comunitats de tricòpters tro
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Resum elevades salinitats (probable
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Resum d’asimetria fluctuant i, pe
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Brief introduction and objectives T
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Brief introduction and objectives H
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Brief introduction and objectives 3
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Chapter 1 (Karr, 1981, 1996) using
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Chapter 1 Figure 1. Segura basin an
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Chapter 1 PROTOCOL 2: The samples c
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Chapter 1 Macroinvertebrates: effec
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Chapter 1 % similarity Figure 4. De
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Chapter 1 number of taxa ISASPT 28
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Chapter 1 are some differences in t
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Chapter 1 results got in the field
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Chapter 1 The more appropriate taxo
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Chapter 1 Protocol 1. Non-reference
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Chapter 1 CORKUM, L. D. (1989). Pat
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Chapter 1 RESH , V. H.; NORRIS, R.
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Chapter 1 Annex 1. List of taxa fou
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Chapter 2 The organisms more used t
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Chapter 2 Palmiet basins were selec
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Chapter 2 calcareous and sedimentar
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Chapter 2 Similarities and differen
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Chapter 2 1 0 -1 Spain B24-RLB24-SV
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Chapter 2 200 160 120 80 40 0 40 30
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Chapter 2 macroinvertebrate fauna o
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Chapter 2 methodology yield better
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Chapter 2 VIDAL-ABARCA, M.R.; VIVAS
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Chapter 2 NORRIS, R. H. & GEOREGES,
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Chapter 2 82
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Chapter 3 whereas summers are hot w
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Chapter 3 When first explorers arri
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Chapter 3 stream in the most humit
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Chapter 3 studies at multiple scale
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Chapter 3 ecoregion; 4 in “Northe
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Chapter 3 Project was to establish
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Chapter 3 condition this method is
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Chapter 3 Table 2. Exclusive and ub
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Chapter 3 Chile and SAustralia have
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Chapter 3 Differences between all s
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Chapter 3 the abundants Caenidae, H
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Chapter 3 Mean of % relative abunda
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Chapter 3 For the rest of med-regio
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Chapter 3 The values of IV-values f
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Chapter 3 Temporary sites are chara
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Chapter 3 but not for MedBasin and
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Chapter 3 Table 9. IndVal results b
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Chapter 3 CALIFORNIA 70.8% MEDBASIN
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Chapter 3 Geological connexions Com
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Chapter 3 In spite of these observe
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Chapter 3 multivoltine life cycles
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Chapter 3 intermittency, flood freq
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Chapter 3 Other convergences and di
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Chapter 3 BALL, I. R. (1975). Natur
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 3 DE MOOR, F. C. (1992). a.
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 3 GENTILLI, J. (1989). Clim
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 3 LOGAN, P. & BROOKER, M. P
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 3 PRAT, N. 1993. El futuro
Page 153 and 154: Chapter 3 Minshall, G. W. (eds.). S
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 3 Annex 1. Presence and abs
Page 157 and 158: Chapter 3 California MedBasin Chile
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 3 Plate 1. Characteristics
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 4 Lake, 1992; Cooper et al.
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 4 Coastal Ranges SAN FRANCI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 4 IndVal method (Dufrêne &
Page 171 and 172: Chapter 4 the bottom have a similar
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 4 Figure 4. Bray-Curtis clu
Page 175 and 176: Chapter 4 because methodologies, sa
Page 177 and 178: Chapter 4 mediterranean areas in th
Page 179 and 180: Chapter 4 DELUCCHI, C. M. (1989). M
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 4 168
Page 183 and 184: Chapter 5 distribution of organisms
Page 185 and 186: Chapter 5 & Allan, 1995). The level
Page 187 and 188: Chapter 5 samples were preserved wi
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 5 Data analysis Seasonal ch
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 5 Macroinvertebrates and te
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 5 As a change in the flow c
Page 195: Chapter 5 2 1 0 -1 -2 1 0 -1 -2 Ca
Page 199 and 200: Chapter 5 Results from the 4 th Cor
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 5 flow species”. They dis
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 5 As Townsend and Hildrew (
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 5 a mix of riffles/pool/cor
Page 207 and 208: Chapter 5 Although natural disturba
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 5 GRAY, L. J.; FISHER, S. G
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 5 RESH, V. H.; JACKSON, J.
Page 213 and 214: Chapter 5 Annex 1. Physical structu
Page 215 and 216: Chapter 5 Annex 3. Biological trait
Page 217 and 218: Chapter 5 Annex 5. Maximum affinity
Page 219 and 220: Chapter 6 high number of endemic sp
Page 221 and 222: Chapter 6 Checklist structure and t
Page 223 and 224: Chapter 6 This species has been rec
Page 225 and 226: Chapter 6 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
Page 227 and 228: Chapter 6 11- Rhyacophila pascoei M
Page 229 and 230: Chapter 6 1984), specially to suspe
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Page 239 and 240: Chapter 6 Figure 3. Cephalic head f
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Chapter 6 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
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Chapter 6 64- Drusus rectus (McLach
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Chapter 6 pieces of litter arranged
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Chapter 6 Tordera Basin: ToM6, ToM7
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Chapter 6 Although M. aspersus have
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Chapter 6 Superfamily LEPTOCEROIDEA
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Chapter 6 TRIBU Triaenodini Morse,
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Chapter 6 Schizopelex McLachlan, 18
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Chapter 6 present a European distri
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Chapter 6 REFERENCES BALLETTO, E. &
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Chapter 6 PRAT, N.; PUIG, M. A. & G
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Chapter 6 Annex 1. Sampling sites w
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Chapter 6 MIJARES BASIN TURIA BASIN
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Chapter 6 GUADALQUIVIR BASIN Site c
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Chapter 7 (e.g., Ormerod & Edwards,
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Chapter 7 Figure 1. Basins sampled
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Chapter 7 taken until no more famil
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Chapter 7 Geomorphological variable
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Chapter 7 Seasonal changes in caddi
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Chapter 7 Table 2. Maximum abundanc
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Chapter 7 headwaters at high altitu
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Chapter 7 Table 4. Pearson correlat
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Chapter 7 X 2 axis X 3 axis 3 2 1 0
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Chapter 7 280 WILK'S LAMBDA CONDUCT
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Chapter 7 midstreams with a mix of
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Chapter 7 high significant of each
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Chapter 7 % of total variation % of
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Chapter 7 Geology has been consider
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Chapter 7 Although the large set of
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Chapter 7 AUSTIN, M. P., & GREIG-SM
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Chapter 7 RIERADEVALL, M.; SÁINZ-C
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Chapter 7 POWER, M. E.; STOUT, R. J
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Chapter 7 ZAMORA-MUÑOZ, C.; ALBA-T
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Chapter 7 * Type of the riparian ha
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Chapter 7 Annex 3. Taxa’s codes C
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Chapter 8 & Higler, 1992). Ecologic
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Chapter 8 Spain France Town Mountai
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Chapter 8 depending on their degree
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Chapter 8 Optimum and Tolerances fr
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Chapter 8 abundance over 100 but ca
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Chapter 8 O&T for IBMWP O&T for QBR
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Chapter 8 O&T for SS O&T for SULPHA
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Chapter 8 The two species of Potamo
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS OXYGEN
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS 0 P-PHO
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Chapter 8 DISCUSSION The wide range
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Chapter 8 incorporated, indexes at
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Chapter 8 DOHET, A. (2002). Are cad
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Chapter 8 SUÁR Segura. TER B 1. TO
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Chapter 8 Annex 1. List of caddisfl
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Chapter 8 334
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Chapter 9 about the effect of envir
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Chapter 9 SPAIN FRANCE Pyrenees Med
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Chapter 9 influenced by salinity be
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Chapter 9 depending on the trait. A
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Chapter 9 Similarly to levels of FA
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Chapter 9 mix of individuals with l
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Chapter 9 Macroinvertebrates and Fi
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Chapter 9 MERILÄ, J. & BJORKLUND,
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Chapter 9 Annex 1. Values of mean (
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Conclusions 4. Responses to tempora
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Conclusions 356
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Conclusions 358
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Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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