Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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Plate 2. Characteristics of the mediterranean region in Mediterranean Basin. Med-Basin Abiotic river properties References High mountains Low mountains and hills Tablelands Plains Regional amd local scale: convergences and divergences Climatic features Location and latitude in Mediterranean Sea basin excluding Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf (1), 31-45ºN (2). Extension of med-region around 1.100.000 km2 (2) Rank of precipitation from
<strong>Chapter</strong> 3 Plate 3. Characteristics of the mediterranean region in Chile. Chile Biotic river properties References High mountains Low mountains and hills Tablelands Plains Climatic features Location and latitude in Central Chile, 29-40ºS Extension of med-region around 70.000 km2 (1) Rank of precipitation from 25mm/y to 2100mm/y (2) with snow in the Andes ranges Months with highest rain between April and September Range of altitude between 0 to >5000m(3) Population of 11.000.000 inhabitans (4) Geology with metamorphosed sediments and igneous batholithic rocks in Andes; sediments in Central Valley; and metamorphosed and granites deposits in Coastal ranges (3). Landscape and topography composed by coastal ranges, central valley and west side of Andes ranges (3).Coastal plains scarce. Vegetation constituted by a semidesertic formation called “selva valdiviana”; an esclerofillous and evergreen trees and shrubs (called “matorral”); and woodlans with the deciduous Nothofagus sp, and the evergreen Drimys winteri. (4&5). Abiotic river properties Annual discharge peak in winter months, annually influenced by El Niño event (6) Physical and Chemical properties: oligotrophic, soft and neutral waters (7,8&9) River and stream typologies: streams from coastal ranges are short, steepe and small (called “quebradas”) whereas rivers from Andes ranges are longer, wider flowing straight to the sea (3&8). Riverbed substrate composed by boulders, cobbles and gravels in headwaters and sediments downstream (3) Periphyton community present in low abundances (10) Macroinvertebrate community poorly known compare with other med-regions. Several taxonomical works have been done in Plecoptera (11&12), Trichoptera (13) and Chironomidae (14) and ecological studies are increasing (15). The plecopterans Austronemouridae and Diamphipnoidae are endemic. Fish community highly diversified with 6 endemic families from Central Chile ( Trichomycterus areolatus, Percilia gillissi, Cauque mauleanum, Basilichthys australis, Cheirodon australe and Brachygalaxias bullocki), 1 present in Central Chile and South of Argentina ( Percichthys trucha) and another shered with Argentina, New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania ( Galaxias maculatus). Several non-native species are present as Salmo trutta, Oncorhyncus mykiis, Ciprinus carpio and Gambusia affinis holbrooki) (8). Alloctonous material reach riverbed in summer except for woodland forests. Riparian Vegetation with evergreen and deciduous trees as Drimys winteri and Salix chilensis and several shrubs as Myrceugenella chequen and Aristotelia chilensis. Highly altered by non-native introductions of Pinus radiata (16) 1-Grove & Rackman, 2001 2-Emberger, 1930, 1955, 1971 3-Thrower & Bradbury, 1973 4-Dallman, 1998 5-Hajek, 1991 6-Waylen et al., 2000 7-Hedin & Campos, 1985 8-Campos, 1985 9-Figueroa et al., 2000 10-Soto & Campos, 1997 11-Illies, 1964, 1965 12-Benedetto, 1974 13-Flint, 1974 14-Brundi, 1966 15-Figueroa & Araya, 2002 16-Valdovinos, 2001 148
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Departament d’Ecologia Facultat d
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Als rius
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Agraïments Ara que miro enrera, me
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Als companys del GUADALMED per have
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Chapter 6 ─ Trichoptera (insecta)
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Resum Hi ha cinc regions en el món
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Resum Factors històrics Factors ec
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Resum METODOLOGIA CAPÍTOL 1: Un pr
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Resum Capítol 1. De manera general
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Resum conca Mediterrània (65% de s
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Resum importants al sud-oest austra
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Resum Els resultats mostraren que l
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Resum No s’han trobat diferèncie
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Resum OBJECTIUS Capítol 6 Presenta
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Resum comunitats de tricòpters tro
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Resum elevades salinitats (probable
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Resum d’asimetria fluctuant i, pe
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Brief introduction and objectives T
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Brief introduction and objectives H
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Brief introduction and objectives 3
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Chapter 1 (Karr, 1981, 1996) using
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Chapter 1 Figure 1. Segura basin an
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Chapter 1 PROTOCOL 2: The samples c
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Chapter 1 Macroinvertebrates: effec
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Chapter 1 % similarity Figure 4. De
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Chapter 1 number of taxa ISASPT 28
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Chapter 1 are some differences in t
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Chapter 1 results got in the field
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Chapter 1 The more appropriate taxo
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Chapter 1 Protocol 1. Non-reference
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Chapter 1 CORKUM, L. D. (1989). Pat
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Chapter 1 RESH , V. H.; NORRIS, R.
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Chapter 1 Annex 1. List of taxa fou
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Chapter 2 The organisms more used t
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Chapter 2 Palmiet basins were selec
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Chapter 2 calcareous and sedimentar
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Chapter 2 Similarities and differen
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Chapter 2 1 0 -1 Spain B24-RLB24-SV
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Chapter 2 200 160 120 80 40 0 40 30
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Chapter 2 macroinvertebrate fauna o
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Chapter 2 methodology yield better
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Chapter 2 VIDAL-ABARCA, M.R.; VIVAS
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Chapter 2 NORRIS, R. H. & GEOREGES,
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Chapter 2 82
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Chapter 3 whereas summers are hot w
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Chapter 3 When first explorers arri
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Chapter 3 stream in the most humit
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Chapter 3 studies at multiple scale
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Chapter 3 ecoregion; 4 in “Northe
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Chapter 3 Project was to establish
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Page 111 and 112: Chapter 3 Table 2. Exclusive and ub
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 3 Chile and SAustralia have
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 3 Differences between all s
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 3 the abundants Caenidae, H
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 3 Mean of % relative abunda
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 3 For the rest of med-regio
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 3 The values of IV-values f
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 3 Temporary sites are chara
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 3 but not for MedBasin and
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 3 Table 9. IndVal results b
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 3 CALIFORNIA 70.8% MEDBASIN
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 3 Geological connexions Com
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 3 In spite of these observe
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 3 multivoltine life cycles
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 3 intermittency, flood freq
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 3 Other convergences and di
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 3 BALL, I. R. (1975). Natur
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 3 DE MOOR, F. C. (1992). a.
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 3 GENTILLI, J. (1989). Clim
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 3 LOGAN, P. & BROOKER, M. P
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 3 PRAT, N. 1993. El futuro
Page 153 and 154: Chapter 3 Minshall, G. W. (eds.). S
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 3 Annex 1. Presence and abs
Page 157 and 158: Chapter 3 California MedBasin Chile
Page 159: Chapter 3 Plate 1. Characteristics
Page 163 and 164: Chapter 3 Plate 5. Characteristics
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 4 Lake, 1992; Cooper et al.
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 4 Coastal Ranges SAN FRANCI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 4 IndVal method (Dufrêne &
Page 171 and 172: Chapter 4 the bottom have a similar
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 4 Figure 4. Bray-Curtis clu
Page 175 and 176: Chapter 4 because methodologies, sa
Page 177 and 178: Chapter 4 mediterranean areas in th
Page 179 and 180: Chapter 4 DELUCCHI, C. M. (1989). M
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 4 168
Page 183 and 184: Chapter 5 distribution of organisms
Page 185 and 186: Chapter 5 & Allan, 1995). The level
Page 187 and 188: Chapter 5 samples were preserved wi
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 5 Data analysis Seasonal ch
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 5 Macroinvertebrates and te
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 5 As a change in the flow c
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 5 2 1 0 -1 -2 1 0 -1 -2 Ca
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 5 number of taxa 45 40 35 3
Page 199 and 200: Chapter 5 Results from the 4 th Cor
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 5 flow species”. They dis
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 5 As Townsend and Hildrew (
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 5 a mix of riffles/pool/cor
Page 207 and 208: Chapter 5 Although natural disturba
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 5 GRAY, L. J.; FISHER, S. G
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Chapter 5 RESH, V. H.; JACKSON, J.
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Chapter 5 Annex 1. Physical structu
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Chapter 5 Annex 3. Biological trait
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Chapter 5 Annex 5. Maximum affinity
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Chapter 6 high number of endemic sp
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Chapter 6 Checklist structure and t
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Chapter 6 This species has been rec
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Chapter 6 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
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Chapter 6 11- Rhyacophila pascoei M
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Chapter 6 1984), specially to suspe
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Chapter 6 This species can be found
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Chapter 6 Figure 3. Cephalic head f
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Chapter 6 47- Tinodes maclachlani K
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Chapter 6 64- Drusus rectus (McLach
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Chapter 6 pieces of litter arranged
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Chapter 6 Tordera Basin: ToM6, ToM7
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Chapter 6 Although M. aspersus have
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Chapter 6 Superfamily LEPTOCEROIDEA
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Chapter 6 TRIBU Triaenodini Morse,
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Chapter 6 Schizopelex McLachlan, 18
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Chapter 6 present a European distri
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Chapter 6 REFERENCES BALLETTO, E. &
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Chapter 6 PRAT, N.; PUIG, M. A. & G
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Chapter 6 Annex 1. Sampling sites w
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Chapter 6 MIJARES BASIN TURIA BASIN
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Chapter 6 GUADALQUIVIR BASIN Site c
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Chapter 7 (e.g., Ormerod & Edwards,
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Chapter 7 Figure 1. Basins sampled
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Chapter 7 taken until no more famil
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Chapter 7 Geomorphological variable
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Chapter 7 Seasonal changes in caddi
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Chapter 7 Table 2. Maximum abundanc
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Chapter 7 headwaters at high altitu
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Chapter 7 Table 4. Pearson correlat
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Chapter 7 X 2 axis X 3 axis 3 2 1 0
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Chapter 7 280 WILK'S LAMBDA CONDUCT
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Chapter 7 midstreams with a mix of
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Chapter 7 high significant of each
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Chapter 7 % of total variation % of
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Chapter 7 Geology has been consider
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Chapter 7 Although the large set of
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Chapter 7 AUSTIN, M. P., & GREIG-SM
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Chapter 7 RIERADEVALL, M.; SÁINZ-C
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Chapter 7 POWER, M. E.; STOUT, R. J
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Chapter 7 ZAMORA-MUÑOZ, C.; ALBA-T
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Chapter 7 * Type of the riparian ha
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Chapter 7 Annex 3. Taxa’s codes C
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Chapter 8 & Higler, 1992). Ecologic
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Chapter 8 Spain France Town Mountai
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Chapter 8 depending on their degree
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Chapter 8 Optimum and Tolerances fr
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Chapter 8 abundance over 100 but ca
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Chapter 8 O&T for IBMWP O&T for QBR
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Chapter 8 O&T for SS O&T for SULPHA
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Chapter 8 The two species of Potamo
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS OXYGEN
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS 0 P-PHO
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Chapter 8 DISCUSSION The wide range
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Chapter 8 incorporated, indexes at
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Chapter 8 DOHET, A. (2002). Are cad
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Chapter 8 SUÁR Segura. TER B 1. TO
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Chapter 8 Annex 1. List of caddisfl
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Chapter 8 334
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Chapter 9 about the effect of envir
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Chapter 9 SPAIN FRANCE Pyrenees Med
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Chapter 9 influenced by salinity be
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Chapter 9 depending on the trait. A
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Chapter 9 Similarly to levels of FA
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Chapter 9 mix of individuals with l
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Chapter 9 Macroinvertebrates and Fi
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Chapter 9 MERILÄ, J. & BJORKLUND,
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Chapter 9 Annex 1. Values of mean (
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Conclusions 4. Responses to tempora
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Conclusions 356
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Conclusions 358
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Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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