Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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a SOUTH WESTERN SOUTH AFRICA b Ebre river Montsant river MONT Siurana river Eerste river Gallifa river Ripoll river Sosyskloof Sant Llorenç del Munt EC SO LA SW EM Swartoskloof Langrivier B28 B24 B25 B22 Montsant Ranges Tenes river Barcelona Figure 1. Sampling site location in South Africa (a) and Spain (b). Besòs river Application of the sampling protocol Palmiet river PA Mediterranean sea Hottentotsholland Mountains NORTH-EAST SPAIN In Spain, 5 sites were sampled from Besòs and Siurana basins (Figure 1b, Table 1). Gallifa (B24), Tenes (B28, B25) and Ripoll (B22) are tributaries from Besòs River and have a 65
<strong>Chapter</strong> 2 calcareous and sedimentary geology. Most of the water comes from Sant Llorenç Natural Park, but only B24 and B28 could be considered as mountain streams. In these sites, the basin is forested with sclerophyllous mediterranean forest, and riparian vegetation with Salix alba, Corylus avellana, Populus nigra and Populus alba as dominant species. Downstream, in the foothill areas, the basin has a significant human alteration which affects water quality and riparian vegetation (e.g., presence of introduced species as Platanus hispanica, Populus deltoides and Robinia pseudoacacia) (Prat et al., 1997, 1999). Montsant River is a tributary of Siurana River (tributary from Ebre River) that flows through the Montsant Natural Park with a predominant calcareous geology. MONT and B24 can be considered as pristine sites in contrast to B22, B25 and B28, influenced by human disturbances (Prat et al., 1997, 1999). Instream vegetation is dominated by mosses, diatoms, zygnematales and Cladophora sp. Macrophytes as Apium nodiflorum or Veronica sp. are dominant in the river channel. Channel substrate is composed by bedrock, large stones and sand in headwaters and bedrock, pebbles and coarse sand in foothills. Sampling methods SASS5 methodology (Chutter, 1998) A kick-net of 30x30 cm and 1 mm of mesh size is used in two groups of habitats: stones (S) and vegetation (V). Stone habitat includes stones-in-current (SIC) and stones-out-of-current (SOOC), and they are sampled in a different way. For SIC habitats a kick sampling is performed during 2 minutes if unattached stones are present or 5 minutes if not. For SOOC habitats 1 m 2 of the riverbed is sampled. Vegetation (V) includes marginal and instream vegetation, and they are sweeping with the net for 2 m. All collected material separated by habitat is poured into two different trays. Leaves, twigs and trash are removed from the tray to make easier to find the macroinvertebrates. Taxa is sorted and identified at family level except for Hydropsychidae and Baetidae for 15 minutes in the field or until no new taxa have been seen after 5 minutes of sorting. Organisms not collected but seen in the field (e.g., Heteroptera) are also included. The final SASS5 score is calculated using either stones or vegetation habitats. Number of taxa and ASPT value (i.e., SASS5/number of taxa) are also obtained. Abundances are estimated according to following ranks: 1=1, 2=2-10, 3=10-100 4=100-1000 5=>1000. In the text, SASS5 methodology will be referred as SV (stones- vegetation method). 66
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Departament d’Ecologia Facultat d
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Als rius
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Agraïments Ara que miro enrera, me
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Als companys del GUADALMED per have
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Chapter 6 ─ Trichoptera (insecta)
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Resum Hi ha cinc regions en el món
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Resum Factors històrics Factors ec
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Resum METODOLOGIA CAPÍTOL 1: Un pr
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Resum Capítol 1. De manera general
Page 27 and 28: Resum conca Mediterrània (65% de s
Page 29 and 30: Resum importants al sud-oest austra
Page 31 and 32: Resum Els resultats mostraren que l
Page 33 and 34: Resum No s’han trobat diferèncie
Page 35 and 36: Resum OBJECTIUS Capítol 6 Presenta
Page 37 and 38: Resum comunitats de tricòpters tro
Page 39 and 40: Resum elevades salinitats (probable
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Page 43 and 44: Brief introduction and objectives T
Page 45 and 46: Brief introduction and objectives H
Page 47 and 48: Brief introduction and objectives 3
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 1 (Karr, 1981, 1996) using
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 1 Figure 1. Segura basin an
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 1 PROTOCOL 2: The samples c
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 1 Macroinvertebrates: effec
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 1 % similarity Figure 4. De
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 1 number of taxa ISASPT 28
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 1 are some differences in t
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 1 results got in the field
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 1 The more appropriate taxo
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 1 Protocol 1. Non-reference
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 1 CORKUM, L. D. (1989). Pat
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 1 RESH , V. H.; NORRIS, R.
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 1 Annex 1. List of taxa fou
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 2 The organisms more used t
Page 77: Chapter 2 Palmiet basins were selec
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 2 Similarities and differen
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 2 1 0 -1 Spain B24-RLB24-SV
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 2 200 160 120 80 40 0 40 30
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 2 macroinvertebrate fauna o
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 2 methodology yield better
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 2 VIDAL-ABARCA, M.R.; VIVAS
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 2 NORRIS, R. H. & GEOREGES,
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Page 97 and 98: Chapter 3 whereas summers are hot w
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 3 When first explorers arri
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 3 stream in the most humit
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 3 studies at multiple scale
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 3 ecoregion; 4 in “Northe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 3 Project was to establish
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 3 condition this method is
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 3 Table 2. Exclusive and ub
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 3 Chile and SAustralia have
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 3 Differences between all s
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 3 the abundants Caenidae, H
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 3 Mean of % relative abunda
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 3 For the rest of med-regio
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 3 The values of IV-values f
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 3 Temporary sites are chara
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 3 but not for MedBasin and
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Chapter 3 Table 9. IndVal results b
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Chapter 3 CALIFORNIA 70.8% MEDBASIN
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Chapter 3 Geological connexions Com
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Chapter 3 In spite of these observe
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Chapter 3 multivoltine life cycles
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Chapter 3 intermittency, flood freq
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Chapter 3 Other convergences and di
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Chapter 3 BALL, I. R. (1975). Natur
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Chapter 3 DE MOOR, F. C. (1992). a.
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Chapter 3 GENTILLI, J. (1989). Clim
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Chapter 3 LOGAN, P. & BROOKER, M. P
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Chapter 3 PRAT, N. 1993. El futuro
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Chapter 3 Minshall, G. W. (eds.). S
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Chapter 3 Annex 1. Presence and abs
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Chapter 3 California MedBasin Chile
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Chapter 3 Plate 1. Characteristics
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Chapter 4 Lake, 1992; Cooper et al.
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Chapter 4 Coastal Ranges SAN FRANCI
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Chapter 4 IndVal method (Dufrêne &
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Chapter 4 the bottom have a similar
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Chapter 4 Figure 4. Bray-Curtis clu
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Chapter 4 because methodologies, sa
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Chapter 4 mediterranean areas in th
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Chapter 4 DELUCCHI, C. M. (1989). M
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Chapter 4 168
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Chapter 5 distribution of organisms
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Chapter 5 & Allan, 1995). The level
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Chapter 5 samples were preserved wi
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Chapter 5 Data analysis Seasonal ch
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Chapter 5 Macroinvertebrates and te
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Chapter 5 As a change in the flow c
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Chapter 5 2 1 0 -1 -2 1 0 -1 -2 Ca
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Chapter 5 number of taxa 45 40 35 3
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Chapter 5 Results from the 4 th Cor
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Chapter 5 flow species”. They dis
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Chapter 5 As Townsend and Hildrew (
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Chapter 5 a mix of riffles/pool/cor
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Chapter 5 Although natural disturba
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Chapter 5 GRAY, L. J.; FISHER, S. G
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Chapter 5 RESH, V. H.; JACKSON, J.
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Chapter 5 Annex 1. Physical structu
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Chapter 5 Annex 3. Biological trait
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Chapter 5 Annex 5. Maximum affinity
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Chapter 6 high number of endemic sp
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Chapter 6 Checklist structure and t
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Chapter 6 This species has been rec
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Chapter 6 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
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Chapter 6 11- Rhyacophila pascoei M
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Chapter 6 1984), specially to suspe
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Chapter 6 This species can be found
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Chapter 6 Figure 3. Cephalic head f
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Chapter 6 47- Tinodes maclachlani K
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Chapter 6 64- Drusus rectus (McLach
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Chapter 6 pieces of litter arranged
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Chapter 6 Tordera Basin: ToM6, ToM7
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Chapter 6 Although M. aspersus have
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Chapter 6 Superfamily LEPTOCEROIDEA
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Chapter 6 TRIBU Triaenodini Morse,
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Chapter 6 Schizopelex McLachlan, 18
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Chapter 6 present a European distri
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Chapter 6 REFERENCES BALLETTO, E. &
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Chapter 6 PRAT, N.; PUIG, M. A. & G
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Chapter 6 Annex 1. Sampling sites w
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Chapter 6 MIJARES BASIN TURIA BASIN
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Chapter 6 GUADALQUIVIR BASIN Site c
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Chapter 7 (e.g., Ormerod & Edwards,
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Chapter 7 Figure 1. Basins sampled
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Chapter 7 taken until no more famil
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Chapter 7 Geomorphological variable
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Chapter 7 Seasonal changes in caddi
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Chapter 7 Table 2. Maximum abundanc
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Chapter 7 headwaters at high altitu
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Chapter 7 Table 4. Pearson correlat
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Chapter 7 X 2 axis X 3 axis 3 2 1 0
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Chapter 7 280 WILK'S LAMBDA CONDUCT
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Chapter 7 midstreams with a mix of
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Chapter 7 high significant of each
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Chapter 7 % of total variation % of
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Chapter 7 Geology has been consider
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Chapter 7 Although the large set of
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Chapter 7 AUSTIN, M. P., & GREIG-SM
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Chapter 7 RIERADEVALL, M.; SÁINZ-C
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Chapter 7 POWER, M. E.; STOUT, R. J
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Chapter 7 ZAMORA-MUÑOZ, C.; ALBA-T
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Chapter 7 * Type of the riparian ha
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Chapter 7 Annex 3. Taxa’s codes C
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Chapter 8 & Higler, 1992). Ecologic
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Chapter 8 Spain France Town Mountai
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Chapter 8 depending on their degree
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Chapter 8 Optimum and Tolerances fr
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Chapter 8 abundance over 100 but ca
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Chapter 8 O&T for IBMWP O&T for QBR
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Chapter 8 O&T for SS O&T for SULPHA
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Chapter 8 The two species of Potamo
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS OXYGEN
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS 0 P-PHO
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Chapter 8 DISCUSSION The wide range
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Chapter 8 incorporated, indexes at
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Chapter 8 DOHET, A. (2002). Are cad
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Chapter 8 SUÁR Segura. TER B 1. TO
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Chapter 8 Annex 1. List of caddisfl
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Chapter 8 334
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Chapter 9 about the effect of envir
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Chapter 9 SPAIN FRANCE Pyrenees Med
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Chapter 9 influenced by salinity be
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Chapter 9 depending on the trait. A
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Chapter 9 Similarly to levels of FA
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Chapter 9 mix of individuals with l
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Chapter 9 Macroinvertebrates and Fi
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Chapter 9 MERILÄ, J. & BJORKLUND,
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Chapter 9 Annex 1. Values of mean (
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Conclusions 4. Responses to tempora
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Conclusions 356
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Conclusions 358
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Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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