Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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number of taxa number of Diptera taxa 50 40 30 20 10 0 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Perm MedBasin California SouthAfrica SWAustralia MedBasinCalifornia Temp Perm Temp MedBasin California SouthAfrica SWAustralia MedBasinCalifornia SouthAfrica SWAustralia SouthAfrica SWAustralia Figure 8. Box-plot between permanent and temporary reference sites. Regional amd local scale: convergences and divergences a b c EPT/OCH % Non-insect taxa 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 Perm MedBasin California SouthAfrica SWAustralia MedBasinCalifornia Temp SouthAfrica SWAustralia Perm Temp MedBasin California SouthAfrica SWAustralia MedBasinCalifornia SouthAfrica SWAustralia Table 6. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests between med-regions and temporality. PERM=permanent sites and TEMP=temporary sites. * p
<strong>Chapter</strong> 3 The values of IV-values for each taxon obtained with IndVal analysis are shown in Table 7. Firstly, it is interesting to note, that although no significant differences are found between permanent and temporary sites in SWAustralia (Table 5), several taxa appear to have a high IV-value. Overall, the general pattern observed indicates that in springtime, permanent community present more taxa characteristic from riffles, whereas temporary sites have a pool of more tolerant taxa. Thereby, EPT taxa are more common in permanent localities and OCH in temporary ones. Several convergences are observed among regions, with MedBasin and California sharing taxa as Rhyacophilidae, Perlidae and Ephemerellidae in permanent sites. Other plecopterans as Nemouridae have a high IV-value in temporary sites in MedBasin, but in permanent localities in California. The SWAustralia stonefly Gripopterygidae and Notonemouridae in South Africa have a high IV-value in temporary sites. Ephemeroptera are also more common in permanent sites than in temporary ones with Ephemerellidae in MedBasin and California and Teloganodidae in South Africa, or Heptageniidae in MedBasin and South Africa. On the other hand, Leptophlebiidae only is a family associated to permanent localities in SWAustralia whereas is more typical from temporary sites in MedBasin and South Africa. Some caddisflies are also more abundant in permanent than in temporary sites as the reophilic families Hydropsychidae (MedBasin, South Africa and SWAustralia) or Rhyacophilidae (MedBasin and California) or the close family Hydrobiosidae (SWAustralia) or its equivalent in South Africa (the predator Corydalidae). Hydroptilidae and the mayfly Caenidae are permanent families in MedBasin and SWAustralia but associated to temporary habitats in California. Other caddis exclusive form South Africa have found in permanent sites as the lotic families Barbarocthonidae and Petrothrincidae, whereas Pisuliidae is indicator of temporary localities. Leptoceridae, a very abundant caddisfly in southern hemisphere, is characteristic from permanent sites there, but from temporary reaches in California. Similar pattern is observed in Hydropsychidae, Elmidae and Heptageniidae, characteristic from permanent sites in MedBasin and South Africa but from more temporary sites in California. 110
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Departament d’Ecologia Facultat d
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Als rius
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Agraïments Ara que miro enrera, me
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Als companys del GUADALMED per have
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Chapter 6 ─ Trichoptera (insecta)
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Resum Hi ha cinc regions en el món
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Resum Factors històrics Factors ec
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Resum METODOLOGIA CAPÍTOL 1: Un pr
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Resum Capítol 1. De manera general
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Resum conca Mediterrània (65% de s
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Resum importants al sud-oest austra
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Resum Els resultats mostraren que l
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Resum No s’han trobat diferèncie
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Resum OBJECTIUS Capítol 6 Presenta
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Resum comunitats de tricòpters tro
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Resum elevades salinitats (probable
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Resum d’asimetria fluctuant i, pe
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Brief introduction and objectives T
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Brief introduction and objectives H
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Brief introduction and objectives 3
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Chapter 1 (Karr, 1981, 1996) using
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Chapter 1 Figure 1. Segura basin an
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Chapter 1 PROTOCOL 2: The samples c
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Chapter 1 Macroinvertebrates: effec
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Chapter 1 % similarity Figure 4. De
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Chapter 1 number of taxa ISASPT 28
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Chapter 1 are some differences in t
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Chapter 1 results got in the field
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Chapter 1 The more appropriate taxo
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Chapter 1 Protocol 1. Non-reference
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Chapter 1 CORKUM, L. D. (1989). Pat
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Page 73 and 74: Chapter 1 Annex 1. List of taxa fou
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 2 The organisms more used t
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 2 Palmiet basins were selec
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 2 calcareous and sedimentar
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 2 Similarities and differen
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Page 85 and 86: Chapter 2 200 160 120 80 40 0 40 30
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 2 macroinvertebrate fauna o
Page 89 and 90: Chapter 2 methodology yield better
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 2 VIDAL-ABARCA, M.R.; VIVAS
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 2 NORRIS, R. H. & GEOREGES,
Page 95 and 96: Chapter 2 82
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 3 whereas summers are hot w
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 3 When first explorers arri
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 3 stream in the most humit
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 3 studies at multiple scale
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 3 ecoregion; 4 in “Northe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 3 Project was to establish
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 3 condition this method is
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 3 Table 2. Exclusive and ub
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 3 Chile and SAustralia have
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 3 Differences between all s
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 3 the abundants Caenidae, H
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 3 Mean of % relative abunda
Page 121: Chapter 3 For the rest of med-regio
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 3 Temporary sites are chara
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 3 but not for MedBasin and
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 3 Table 9. IndVal results b
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 3 CALIFORNIA 70.8% MEDBASIN
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 3 Geological connexions Com
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 3 In spite of these observe
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 3 multivoltine life cycles
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 3 intermittency, flood freq
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 3 Other convergences and di
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 3 BALL, I. R. (1975). Natur
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 3 DE MOOR, F. C. (1992). a.
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 3 GENTILLI, J. (1989). Clim
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 3 LOGAN, P. & BROOKER, M. P
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 3 PRAT, N. 1993. El futuro
Page 153 and 154: Chapter 3 Minshall, G. W. (eds.). S
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 3 Annex 1. Presence and abs
Page 157 and 158: Chapter 3 California MedBasin Chile
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 3 Plate 1. Characteristics
Page 165 and 166: Chapter 4 Lake, 1992; Cooper et al.
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 4 Coastal Ranges SAN FRANCI
Page 169 and 170: Chapter 4 IndVal method (Dufrêne &
Page 171 and 172: Chapter 4 the bottom have a similar
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Chapter 4 Figure 4. Bray-Curtis clu
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Chapter 4 because methodologies, sa
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Chapter 4 mediterranean areas in th
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Chapter 4 DELUCCHI, C. M. (1989). M
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Chapter 4 168
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Chapter 5 distribution of organisms
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Chapter 5 & Allan, 1995). The level
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Chapter 5 samples were preserved wi
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Chapter 5 Data analysis Seasonal ch
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Chapter 5 Macroinvertebrates and te
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Chapter 5 As a change in the flow c
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Chapter 5 2 1 0 -1 -2 1 0 -1 -2 Ca
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Chapter 5 number of taxa 45 40 35 3
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Chapter 5 Results from the 4 th Cor
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Chapter 5 flow species”. They dis
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Chapter 5 As Townsend and Hildrew (
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Chapter 5 a mix of riffles/pool/cor
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Chapter 5 Although natural disturba
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Chapter 5 GRAY, L. J.; FISHER, S. G
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Chapter 5 RESH, V. H.; JACKSON, J.
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Chapter 5 Annex 1. Physical structu
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Chapter 5 Annex 3. Biological trait
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Chapter 5 Annex 5. Maximum affinity
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Chapter 6 high number of endemic sp
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Chapter 6 Checklist structure and t
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Chapter 6 This species has been rec
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Chapter 6 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
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Chapter 6 11- Rhyacophila pascoei M
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Chapter 6 1984), specially to suspe
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Chapter 6 This species can be found
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Chapter 6 Figure 3. Cephalic head f
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Chapter 6 47- Tinodes maclachlani K
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Chapter 6 64- Drusus rectus (McLach
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Chapter 6 pieces of litter arranged
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Chapter 6 Tordera Basin: ToM6, ToM7
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Chapter 6 Although M. aspersus have
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Chapter 6 Superfamily LEPTOCEROIDEA
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Chapter 6 TRIBU Triaenodini Morse,
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Chapter 6 Schizopelex McLachlan, 18
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Chapter 6 present a European distri
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Chapter 6 REFERENCES BALLETTO, E. &
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Chapter 6 PRAT, N.; PUIG, M. A. & G
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Chapter 6 Annex 1. Sampling sites w
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Chapter 6 MIJARES BASIN TURIA BASIN
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Chapter 6 GUADALQUIVIR BASIN Site c
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Chapter 7 (e.g., Ormerod & Edwards,
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Chapter 7 Figure 1. Basins sampled
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Chapter 7 taken until no more famil
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Chapter 7 Geomorphological variable
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Chapter 7 Seasonal changes in caddi
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Chapter 7 Table 2. Maximum abundanc
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Chapter 7 headwaters at high altitu
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Chapter 7 Table 4. Pearson correlat
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Chapter 7 X 2 axis X 3 axis 3 2 1 0
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Chapter 7 280 WILK'S LAMBDA CONDUCT
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Chapter 7 midstreams with a mix of
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Chapter 7 high significant of each
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Chapter 7 % of total variation % of
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Chapter 7 Geology has been consider
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Chapter 7 Although the large set of
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Chapter 7 AUSTIN, M. P., & GREIG-SM
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Chapter 7 RIERADEVALL, M.; SÁINZ-C
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Chapter 7 POWER, M. E.; STOUT, R. J
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Chapter 7 ZAMORA-MUÑOZ, C.; ALBA-T
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Chapter 7 * Type of the riparian ha
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Chapter 7 Annex 3. Taxa’s codes C
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Chapter 8 & Higler, 1992). Ecologic
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Chapter 8 Spain France Town Mountai
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Chapter 8 depending on their degree
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Chapter 8 Optimum and Tolerances fr
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Chapter 8 abundance over 100 but ca
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Chapter 8 O&T for IBMWP O&T for QBR
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Chapter 8 O&T for SS O&T for SULPHA
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Chapter 8 The two species of Potamo
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS OXYGEN
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Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS 0 P-PHO
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Chapter 8 DISCUSSION The wide range
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Chapter 8 incorporated, indexes at
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Chapter 8 DOHET, A. (2002). Are cad
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Chapter 8 SUÁR Segura. TER B 1. TO
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Chapter 8 Annex 1. List of caddisfl
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Chapter 8 334
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Chapter 9 about the effect of envir
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Chapter 9 SPAIN FRANCE Pyrenees Med
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Chapter 9 influenced by salinity be
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Chapter 9 depending on the trait. A
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Chapter 9 Similarly to levels of FA
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Chapter 9 mix of individuals with l
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Chapter 9 Macroinvertebrates and Fi
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Chapter 9 MERILÄ, J. & BJORKLUND,
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Chapter 9 Annex 1. Values of mean (
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Conclusions 4. Responses to tempora
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Conclusions 356
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Conclusions 358
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Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

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