Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Local scale: Distribution patterns in Trichoptera On the other hand, more taxa is associated to the small rivers located on the negative part of second axis, as M. minimum, Oxyethira sp., Wormaldia sp., Stenophylax sp., G. pellucidus, Agapetus sp., S. argentipunctellus,... and the ones highly related to a well- developed riparian forest, Beraea sp., Allogamus sp., Synagapetus sp., D. bolivari or H. digitatus. In Figure 4 where second and third axes are plotted, samples from second axis are segregated more clearly than in Figure 3. Some temporary and sedimentary-marl samples with high natural conductivity and high stream order from the most arid basins of Aguas, Almanzora and Segura (Figure 4) are distinguished in the top-left part of the axis, with H. infernalis, H. bulbifera, Agapetus sp., M. aspersus, Oxyethira sp., Rh. cf. munda and S. argentipunctellus. Through the lower part of the axis, samples associated to middle reaches of rivers (in the central part of the graph) are associated with species as Ithytrichia sp., Cyrnus sp., Polycentropus sp., C. marginata, whereas more pristine headwaters (in the lower part of the graph) are characterized by Wormaldia sp., G. pellucidus, M. azurea, Tinodes waeneri, Halesus sp., Lype sp., Rh. gr. tristis and others. Consequently, from Figures 3 and 4, five groups of sites may be distinguished: headwater sites with high altitude, diverse habitat characteristics and siliceous basins (top-left from Figure 3); headwater samples at medium altitudes with high riparian structure and biological quality (bottom area of Figure 4); low altitude and temporary sedimentary samples with high conductivity (top-right in Figure 4); low altitude samples located in lowland reaches from medium to large rivers with a poor biological and chemical quality (top-right from Figure 3); and middle parts of river sites located at medium altitudes (central area of second axis from Figure 4). To verify the presence and identity of each group and to classify properly all samples, a k-means cluster using 5 pre-defined groups was applied to all samples. Figure 5 display de results of this analysis. Final k-means groups are those that we should expect according to the interpretations of samples in Figure 3 and 4. Group 4 is the biggest group with 102 objects, followed by group 3 with 97. On the other hand, smallest groups (k-means-1 with 39 samples and k-means-2 with 54) have samples highly dispersed indicating that more diverse and less abundant caddisfly are present. Discriminant analysis selected 14 variables that differentiate k-means groups (Figure 6). Seven variables are geomorphological features (basin area, stream order, altitude, channel width, %siliceous, calcareous and sedimentary-marl basin) whereas the rest are habitat, riparian, habitat and biological properties. Conductivity is the only physical-chemical variable that discriminates groups of samples, being higher in groups 3, 4 and 5. According to Figure 6, group 1 and 2 correspond to headwaters samples differing in altitude, basin geology, channel width, stream order and substrate diversity. Two groups of samples appear located in middle 279
<strong>Chapter</strong> 7 280 WILK'S LAMBDA CONDUCTIVITY 0.646 BASIN AREA 0.478 IBMWP 0.397 STREAM ORDER 0.334 HETEROGENEITY ELEMENTS 0.295 SUBSTRATE DIVERSITY 0.269 RIFFLES VS POOLS 0.251 %SILICEOUS BASIN 0.233 ALTITUDE 0.218 CHANNEL WIDTH 0.205 %SEDIMENTARY-MARLS BASIN 0.188 RIPARIAN STRUCTURE 0.182 %CALCAREOUS BASIN 0.176 IASPT 0.170 Figure 6. Results from the Discriminant Analysis, with the most significant variables between k-groups. Mean and confidence intervals at 95% are presented. Plots are ordered from top-left to bottom-right according to their weight in discriminant analysis.
Page 2:
Departament d’Ecologia Facultat d
Page 6:
Als rius
Page 10 and 11:
Agraïments Ara que miro enrera, me
Page 12:
Als companys del GUADALMED per have
Page 15:
Chapter 6 ─ Trichoptera (insecta)
Page 19 and 20:
Resum Hi ha cinc regions en el món
Page 21 and 22:
Resum Factors històrics Factors ec
Page 23 and 24:
Resum METODOLOGIA CAPÍTOL 1: Un pr
Page 25 and 26:
Resum Capítol 1. De manera general
Page 27 and 28:
Resum conca Mediterrània (65% de s
Page 29 and 30:
Resum importants al sud-oest austra
Page 31 and 32:
Resum Els resultats mostraren que l
Page 33 and 34:
Resum No s’han trobat diferèncie
Page 35 and 36:
Resum OBJECTIUS Capítol 6 Presenta
Page 37 and 38:
Resum comunitats de tricòpters tro
Page 39 and 40:
Resum elevades salinitats (probable
Page 41 and 42:
Resum d’asimetria fluctuant i, pe
Page 43 and 44:
Brief introduction and objectives T
Page 45 and 46:
Brief introduction and objectives H
Page 47 and 48:
Brief introduction and objectives 3
Page 49 and 50:
Chapter 1 (Karr, 1981, 1996) using
Page 51 and 52:
Chapter 1 Figure 1. Segura basin an
Page 53 and 54:
Chapter 1 PROTOCOL 2: The samples c
Page 55 and 56:
Chapter 1 Macroinvertebrates: effec
Page 57 and 58:
Chapter 1 % similarity Figure 4. De
Page 59 and 60:
Chapter 1 number of taxa ISASPT 28
Page 61 and 62:
Chapter 1 are some differences in t
Page 63 and 64:
Chapter 1 results got in the field
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 1 The more appropriate taxo
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 1 Protocol 1. Non-reference
Page 69 and 70:
Chapter 1 CORKUM, L. D. (1989). Pat
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 1 RESH , V. H.; NORRIS, R.
Page 73 and 74:
Chapter 1 Annex 1. List of taxa fou
Page 75 and 76:
Chapter 2 The organisms more used t
Page 77 and 78:
Chapter 2 Palmiet basins were selec
Page 79 and 80:
Chapter 2 calcareous and sedimentar
Page 81 and 82:
Chapter 2 Similarities and differen
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 2 1 0 -1 Spain B24-RLB24-SV
Page 85 and 86:
Chapter 2 200 160 120 80 40 0 40 30
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 2 macroinvertebrate fauna o
Page 89 and 90:
Chapter 2 methodology yield better
Page 91 and 92:
Chapter 2 VIDAL-ABARCA, M.R.; VIVAS
Page 93 and 94:
Chapter 2 NORRIS, R. H. & GEOREGES,
Page 95 and 96:
Chapter 2 82
Page 97 and 98:
Chapter 3 whereas summers are hot w
Page 99 and 100:
Chapter 3 When first explorers arri
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter 3 stream in the most humit
Page 103 and 104:
Chapter 3 studies at multiple scale
Page 105 and 106:
Chapter 3 ecoregion; 4 in “Northe
Page 107 and 108:
Chapter 3 Project was to establish
Page 109 and 110:
Chapter 3 condition this method is
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 3 Table 2. Exclusive and ub
Page 113 and 114:
Chapter 3 Chile and SAustralia have
Page 115 and 116:
Chapter 3 Differences between all s
Page 117 and 118:
Chapter 3 the abundants Caenidae, H
Page 119 and 120:
Chapter 3 Mean of % relative abunda
Page 121 and 122:
Chapter 3 For the rest of med-regio
Page 123 and 124:
Chapter 3 The values of IV-values f
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 3 Temporary sites are chara
Page 127 and 128:
Chapter 3 but not for MedBasin and
Page 129 and 130:
Chapter 3 Table 9. IndVal results b
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 3 CALIFORNIA 70.8% MEDBASIN
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 3 Geological connexions Com
Page 135 and 136:
Chapter 3 In spite of these observe
Page 137 and 138:
Chapter 3 multivoltine life cycles
Page 139 and 140:
Chapter 3 intermittency, flood freq
Page 141 and 142:
Chapter 3 Other convergences and di
Page 143 and 144:
Chapter 3 BALL, I. R. (1975). Natur
Page 145 and 146:
Chapter 3 DE MOOR, F. C. (1992). a.
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter 3 GENTILLI, J. (1989). Clim
Page 149 and 150:
Chapter 3 LOGAN, P. & BROOKER, M. P
Page 151 and 152:
Chapter 3 PRAT, N. 1993. El futuro
Page 153 and 154:
Chapter 3 Minshall, G. W. (eds.). S
Page 155 and 156:
Chapter 3 Annex 1. Presence and abs
Page 157 and 158:
Chapter 3 California MedBasin Chile
Page 159 and 160:
Chapter 3 Plate 1. Characteristics
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Chapter 4 Lake, 1992; Cooper et al.
Page 167 and 168:
Chapter 4 Coastal Ranges SAN FRANCI
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter 4 IndVal method (Dufrêne &
Page 171 and 172:
Chapter 4 the bottom have a similar
Page 173 and 174:
Chapter 4 Figure 4. Bray-Curtis clu
Page 175 and 176:
Chapter 4 because methodologies, sa
Page 177 and 178:
Chapter 4 mediterranean areas in th
Page 179 and 180:
Chapter 4 DELUCCHI, C. M. (1989). M
Page 181 and 182:
Chapter 4 168
Page 183 and 184:
Chapter 5 distribution of organisms
Page 185 and 186:
Chapter 5 & Allan, 1995). The level
Page 187 and 188:
Chapter 5 samples were preserved wi
Page 189 and 190:
Chapter 5 Data analysis Seasonal ch
Page 191 and 192:
Chapter 5 Macroinvertebrates and te
Page 193 and 194:
Chapter 5 As a change in the flow c
Page 195 and 196:
Chapter 5 2 1 0 -1 -2 1 0 -1 -2 Ca
Page 197 and 198:
Chapter 5 number of taxa 45 40 35 3
Page 199 and 200:
Chapter 5 Results from the 4 th Cor
Page 201 and 202:
Chapter 5 flow species”. They dis
Page 203 and 204:
Chapter 5 As Townsend and Hildrew (
Page 205 and 206:
Chapter 5 a mix of riffles/pool/cor
Page 207 and 208:
Chapter 5 Although natural disturba
Page 209 and 210:
Chapter 5 GRAY, L. J.; FISHER, S. G
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 5 RESH, V. H.; JACKSON, J.
Page 213 and 214:
Chapter 5 Annex 1. Physical structu
Page 215 and 216:
Chapter 5 Annex 3. Biological trait
Page 217 and 218:
Chapter 5 Annex 5. Maximum affinity
Page 219 and 220:
Chapter 6 high number of endemic sp
Page 221 and 222:
Chapter 6 Checklist structure and t
Page 223 and 224:
Chapter 6 This species has been rec
Page 225 and 226:
Chapter 6 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
Page 227 and 228:
Chapter 6 11- Rhyacophila pascoei M
Page 229 and 230:
Chapter 6 1984), specially to suspe
Page 231 and 232:
Chapter 6 This species can be found
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Chapter 6 Figure 3. Cephalic head f
Page 241 and 242: Chapter 6 DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY
Page 243 and 244: Chapter 6 47- Tinodes maclachlani K
Page 249 and 250: Chapter 6 64- Drusus rectus (McLach
Page 251 and 252: Chapter 6 pieces of litter arranged
Page 253 and 254: Chapter 6 Tordera Basin: ToM6, ToM7
Page 255 and 256: Chapter 6 Although M. aspersus have
Page 257 and 258: Chapter 6 Superfamily LEPTOCEROIDEA
Page 259 and 260: Chapter 6 TRIBU Triaenodini Morse,
Page 261 and 262: Chapter 6 Schizopelex McLachlan, 18
Page 263 and 264: Chapter 6 present a European distri
Page 265 and 266: Chapter 6 REFERENCES BALLETTO, E. &
Page 267 and 268: Chapter 6 PRAT, N.; PUIG, M. A. & G
Page 269 and 270: Chapter 6 Annex 1. Sampling sites w
Page 271 and 272: Chapter 6 MIJARES BASIN TURIA BASIN
Page 273 and 274: Chapter 6 GUADALQUIVIR BASIN Site c
Page 275 and 276: Chapter 7 (e.g., Ormerod & Edwards,
Page 277 and 278: Chapter 7 Figure 1. Basins sampled
Page 279 and 280: Chapter 7 taken until no more famil
Page 281 and 282: Chapter 7 Geomorphological variable
Page 283 and 284: Chapter 7 Seasonal changes in caddi
Page 285 and 286: Chapter 7 Table 2. Maximum abundanc
Page 287 and 288: Chapter 7 headwaters at high altitu
Page 289 and 290: Chapter 7 Table 4. Pearson correlat
Page 291: Chapter 7 X 2 axis X 3 axis 3 2 1 0
Page 295 and 296: Chapter 7 midstreams with a mix of
Page 297 and 298: Chapter 7 high significant of each
Page 299 and 300: Chapter 7 % of total variation % of
Page 301 and 302: Chapter 7 Geology has been consider
Page 303 and 304: Chapter 7 Although the large set of
Page 305 and 306: Chapter 7 AUSTIN, M. P., & GREIG-SM
Page 307 and 308: Chapter 7 RIERADEVALL, M.; SÁINZ-C
Page 309 and 310: Chapter 7 POWER, M. E.; STOUT, R. J
Page 311 and 312: Chapter 7 ZAMORA-MUÑOZ, C.; ALBA-T
Page 313 and 314: Chapter 7 * Type of the riparian ha
Page 315 and 316: Chapter 7 Annex 3. Taxa’s codes C
Page 317 and 318: Chapter 8 & Higler, 1992). Ecologic
Page 319 and 320: Chapter 8 Spain France Town Mountai
Page 321 and 322: Chapter 8 depending on their degree
Page 323 and 324: Chapter 8 Optimum and Tolerances fr
Page 325 and 326: Chapter 8 abundance over 100 but ca
Page 327 and 328: Chapter 8 O&T for IBMWP O&T for QBR
Page 329 and 330: Chapter 8 O&T for SS O&T for SULPHA
Page 331 and 332: Chapter 8 The two species of Potamo
Page 333 and 334: Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS OXYGEN
Page 335 and 336: Chapter 8 OXYGEN 1 0 SOLIDS 0 P-PHO
Page 337 and 338: Chapter 8 DISCUSSION The wide range
Page 339 and 340: Chapter 8 incorporated, indexes at
Page 341 and 342: Chapter 8 DOHET, A. (2002). Are cad
Page 343 and 344:
Chapter 8 SUÁR Segura. TER B 1. TO
Page 345 and 346:
Chapter 8 Annex 1. List of caddisfl
Page 347 and 348:
Chapter 8 334
Page 349 and 350:
Chapter 9 about the effect of envir
Page 351 and 352:
Chapter 9 SPAIN FRANCE Pyrenees Med
Page 353 and 354:
Chapter 9 influenced by salinity be
Page 355 and 356:
Chapter 9 depending on the trait. A
Page 357 and 358:
Chapter 9 Similarly to levels of FA
Page 359 and 360:
Chapter 9 mix of individuals with l
Page 361 and 362:
Chapter 9 Macroinvertebrates and Fi
Page 363 and 364:
Chapter 9 MERILÄ, J. & BJORKLUND,
Page 365 and 366:
Chapter 9 Annex 1. Values of mean (
Page 367 and 368:
Conclusions 4. Responses to tempora
Page 369 and 370:
Conclusions 356
Page 371 and 372:
Conclusions 358
show all

Chapter 1 - Núria BONADA

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?