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3 Shaping the Body of an Aircraft In this chapter, we’ll look at the things that constitute the body of an aircraft, including the fuselage, tail, landing gear, wings, and airfoils. These represent the core of almost every aircraft design. 3.1 Fundamental Concepts A few ideas will come up over and over again throughout the creation of an aircraft body. The first is the concept of the reference point, and the second is the way in which positions in Plane Maker are set relative to the reference point. Understanding these two things ahead of time will make learning the specifics of creating the fuselage, wings, and other objects much faster. The Reference Point All objects (the fuselage, wings, etc.) in Plane Maker are placed relative to some arbitrary fixed point, called the reference point. This point is created simply through use. For instance, you might tell Plane Maker that your plane’s fuselage (and, in particular, the front tip of your plane’s fuselage) is located at the reference point—it is zero feet away from it, angled zero degrees away. Likewise, your wings might be located ten feet behind the reference point, angled a few degrees back. On its own, this point doesn’t mean anything—it’s just some place on the aircraft that everything else gets its location in relation to. While the point could be anything, you should choose a point that makes sense to you. Some aircraft designers prefer to make their reference point the center of the fuselage, while others prefer to make it the tip of the nose. How Positions Are Set in Plane Maker As we have said, all locations in Plane Maker are defined relative to a fixed, arbitrary point, often the tip of the fuselage. However, there is more to defining the position of, for instance, a wing than to say that it is five feet behind the tip of the fuselage. How high above the tip of the fuselage is it? How far left or right? This is where Plane Maker’s position settings come in. Figure 3.1 shows the three standard controls for an object’s position. The standard position parameters throughout Plane Maker are the longitudinal arm, the lateral arm, and the vertical arm, as illustrated in Figure 3.2. Each measurement is in relation to the reference point. 9
10 3. SHAPING THE BODY OF AN AIRCRAFT Figure 3.1: A standard position-setting group of parameters Figure 3.2: The three axes used to position an object on the aircraft Parameter Positive value means... Negative value means... Longitudinal arm Behind reference pt. Forward of reference pt. Latidudinal arm Right of reference pt. Left of reference pt. Vertical arm Above reference pt. Below reference pt. Table 3.1: Interpreting the position-setting values Table 3.1 gives a reference for interpreting what the values in these positional controls mean. For instance, a positive value in the “vert arm” parameter indicates the object will move above the reference point by that many feet. Note that in cases where an object has lateral symmetry (that is, it is duplicated on both sides of the aircraft, as a wing section is), the guidelines in Table 3.1 apply to the object on the right (starboard) side of the aircraft. Likewise, the lateral arm value is reversed for the object on
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Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS iii The Body Data Box . .
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS v 9 Performing a Test Flig
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