The Historiographical Development of the Concept “mfecane” and ...

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Hole, H.M. The Passing of the Black Kings ([originally London, 1932], reprinted, Bulawayo, 1978). Holmes, T. David Livingstone: Letters and Documents, 1841-1872 (Lusaka, 1990). Holt, B. Great Heart of the Border: The Life of Rev. John Brownlee (King William’s Town, 1976). Howard, M. 'Empire, War and Race in Pre-1914 Britain', in Lloyd-Jones, H., Pearl, V. and Blair, W. (eds), History and Imagination (London, 1981). Hugo, M. Piet Retief (Johannesburg, 1961). Hummel, A.C. 'The 19th Century Eastern Cape Frontier: A Missionary Perspective', in Lehmann, E and Reckwitz, E. (eds), Mfecane to Boer War: Versions of South African History (Essen, 1990), 73-87. Hutton, C.W. The Autobiography of the Late Sir Andries Stockenstrom, 2 Vols. ([originally Cape Town, 1887], reprinted, Cape Town, 1964). Hyam, R. Elgin and Churchill at the Colonial Office, 1905-1908 (London, 1968). Hyam, R. The Failure of South African Expansion 1908-1948 (London, 1972). Immelman, R.F.M. Men of Good Hope: The Romantic Story of the Cape Town Chamber of Commerce, 1804-1954 (Cape Town, 1955). Ingram, J.F. Natalia: A Condensed History of the Exploration and Colonialization of Natal and Zululand (London, 1897). Ingram, J.F. The Story of an African Seaport: Being the History of the Port and Borough of Durban, the Seaport of Natal (Durban, 1899). 285
Ireland, W. Historical Sketch of the Zulu Mission in South Africa (Boston, 1872). Isaacs, N. Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa, 2 Vols. ([originally London, 1836], reprinted, Van Riebeeck Society, Vols. 16 and 17, Cape Town, 1936,1937). Isichei, E. A History of African Societies to 1870 (Cambridge, 1997). Jackson, M.V. European Power and South East Africa: A Study of International Relations on the South-East Coast of Africa, 1796-1856 ([originally, London, 1942], 2nd.edition, London, 1967). Jacobs, J.F. Die Griekwas en Hulle Bure (Bloemfontein, 1942). Jacottet, E. The Treasure of Ba-Sotho Lore (Morija, 1908). Jacottet, E. Ditsomo tsa Basotho (Morija,1909). Jacottet, E. ‘Histoire de la Mission du Lessouto’, in Maison des Missions Évangelique, Livre d'or de la Mission du Lessouto (Paris, 1912). Jaffe, H. European Colonial Despotism (London,1994). Jansen, E. Die Voortrekker in Natal: Opstelle (Cape Town, 1938). Jansen, E.G. Uit die Voortrekkertyd (Pretoria, 1939). Johnston, K. Africa (London, 1878). Jousse, T. La Mission Francaise Évangelique au Sud de l'Afrique, 2 Vols. (Paris, 1899). 286
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The Historiographical Development o
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General Histories 172 Chapter 6: Co
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his expulsion of several chiefdoms;
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The Graphics Services Unit, S. Abra
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The Library of the Rand Afrikaans U
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List of Maps Map 1 - Geographical R
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Chapter 1 Introduction Then you wil
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century was caused by the “mfecan
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produce a tradition, or what Michel
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which were to dominate Western thou
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was the "baggage" in the European w
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leader runs the risk of writing wit
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waged by nomadic tribes accompanied
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exaggerate in their talk, and we fe
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incorporated the remaining people i
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history’. 63 Consequently, libera
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Bantu settled in various blocks in
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‘From the 1970s it was the radica
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While Cobbing and the historians in
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illustrates, in part, the weddednes
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Map 2 - mfecane in the 1823 to 1838
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during this period, as it took the
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concepts of a theoretical equality
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tortuous, but information regarding
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However, this contradiction was not
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were murky and secretive, but were
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first assault out onto the highveld
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Map 3 - Thompson’s Map, 1827 This
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major implications for the later de
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Association”, for the British ann
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also applied to refugees from north
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Godlonton had come to the eastern C
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and the gallant settlers from their
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ecently abandoned mission station a
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travelled to Britain where he becam
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Make them [Zulu] out as blood thirs
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hand, to gather geographical, biolo
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despondency bordering on despair, o
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state at their various locations on
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cruel monster’ 127 along with oth
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depopulating all areas within their
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The writing of African history in t
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Map 5 - Harris’s Map, 1839 Harris
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Arbousset began the convention of g
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prove to their pro-mission readers,
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were the depopulators of the highve
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people became cannibals, first by n
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exercise, and the commission’s re
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him to reorganise the Mthethwa mili
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eastern Free State. There they were
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these authors followed their consci
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The second author, Shaw, had introd
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D’Urban’s, Godlonton’s and Ay
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of eight chiefdoms which, fleeing f
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Zulu” and the Natal African chief
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which there was a preponderance of
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state. Authors who focused only on
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The concept ”imperial”, as in t
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Cape Colony back to Britain in 1884
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supposed mythological roots of race
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Late Victorian Authors Numerous boo
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treatment of the Fynn papers, a sel
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Aboriginal?, 33 had already betraye
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Articles on African history publish
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European editors. Thus, these texts
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State. 53 The aim of this article w
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Europeans as well as Dutch and Engl
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Babrow’s acknowledgment of Theal
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defeat and desperate escape from Zu
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approach to history in general and
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his use of some archival documents,
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initial shock of this assault fled
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etween fiction and fact. 98 An exam
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mfecane narrative. He regarded Shak
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The most important changes in the h
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Chapter 5 The South African Period:
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economically stable until the onset
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latest British methodology of a-his
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Natal and Zululand During this peri
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Both were imbued with Theal’s rac
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of Moshoeshoe and served to uphold
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fortress attracting many chiefdoms.
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[Moshoeshoe] consisted of the intro
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Macgregor was more the editor than
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doubtful whether at any time in the
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English Methodist minister who, whi
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the material differently or have em
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the War Office put it, by the boers
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Winter, he joined the Pioneer Colum
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impinged on the history of the Cape
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Walker’s contribution to the mfec
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Afrikaner history. The few European
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Ellenberger resuscitated Arbousset
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Chapter 6 Conclusion If the white m
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Hodgson, Broadbent, Thompson, Shaw,
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than Shaka. The only surprising exc
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year after slavery was finally abol
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from Natal directly, like the Qwabe
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and were also present at the battle
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Godlonton and Arbousset. 42 These w
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including their livestock and somet
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century under review there were wri
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Shepstone’s four-wave theory, 66
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discourse, which was never able to
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Interior - 1829: Shepstone to Col.
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A378 (D) G.E. Cory, A Short History
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1.6 Killie Campbell Library, Durban
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Frost, P.J. A Bibliography of Missi
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Seligman, R.A. and Johnson, A. (eds
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3.3 Orange Freestate (Republic) ‘
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Précis of Information Concerning S
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Bank, A. 'The Great Debate and the
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Eldredge, E.A. ‘Sources of Confli
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Maloka, E.T. 'Missionary Historiogr
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Stapleton, T.J. 'Oral Evidence in a
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Wylie, D. 'A.T. Bryant's Inexplicab
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'Instructions Addressed to the Dire
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'The Orange Freestate Forty Years A
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Atmore, A. and Marks, S. 'The Imper
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Brill, J. 'Een Gedenkskrift over de
Page 245 and 246: Cobbing, J. 'A Tainted Well: The Ob
Page 247 and 248: Ellenberger, D.F. 'History of the B
Page 249 and 250: Hamilton, C. 'An Appetite for the P
Page 251 and 252: Hyam, R. 'African Interests and the
Page 253 and 254: Kennedy, R.F. 'Historical Accuracy'
Page 255 and 256: Lewis, L. ‘Book Review of: An Acc
Page 257 and 258: Milne, J. 'Major Warden: Early Life
Page 259 and 260: Okoye, F.N.C. 'Tschaka and the Brit
Page 261 and 262: Reyburn, H.A. 'Piet Retief to Dunca
Page 263 and 264: Scully, W.C. 'Fragments of Native H
Page 265 and 266: Thompson, J.N. 'William Rowland Tho
Page 267 and 268: Vivian, 'Expedition Into Central Af
Page 269 and 270: Wylie, D. 'Proprietor of Natal: Hen
Page 271 and 272: Evangelical Missionary Society, on
Page 273 and 274: Beloff, M. Britain's liberal empire
Page 275 and 276: Bourne, H.R.F. Blacks and Whites in
Page 277 and 278: Bryant, A.T. Olden Times in Zululan
Page 279 and 280: Carlyle, J.E. South Africa and its
Page 281 and 282: Churchill, W.S. The River War ([ori
Page 283 and 284: Cory, G.E. The Rise of South Africa
Page 285 and 286: Dieterlen, H. Adolphe Mabille [1836
Page 287 and 288: Eldredge, E.A. 'Sources of Conflict
Page 289 and 290: Fraser, A. Boadicea's Chariot: The
Page 291 and 292: Gledhill, E. and J. In the Steps of
Page 293 and 294: Haggard, H.R. Cetshwayo and His Whi
Page 295: Henige, D.P. Oral Historiography (L
Page 299 and 300: Kiernan, V.G. The Lords of Human Ki
Page 301 and 302: Lehmann, E. and Reckwitz, E. 'The D
Page 303 and 304: Lucas, L. 'Historical Geography of
Page 305 and 306: Malan, J.H. Die Opkomst van 'n Repu
Page 307 and 308: Moffat, R. A Life's Labours in Sout
Page 309 and 310: Murray, H., Prof. Jameson and Wilso
Page 311 and 312: Orpen, J.M. Some Principles of Nati
Page 313 and 314: Plaatje, S.T. Mhudi: An Epic of Sou
Page 315 and 316: Reynolds, E. Stand the Storm: A His
Page 317 and 318: Saunders, C.C. The Making of the So
Page 319 and 320: Smith, K.W. From Frontier to Midlan
Page 321 and 322: Tatlow, A.H. Natal Province: Descri
Page 323 and 324: Thompson, G. Travels and Adventures
Page 325 and 326: Vail, L. ‘Ethnicity in Southern A
Page 327 and 328: Visagie, J.C. Die Trek uit Oos-Riet
Page 329 and 330: Webb, C. de B. The Mfecane, Centre
Page 331: Wright, J. 'Political Transformatio
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