Practice Makes Perfect Spanish Verb Tenses, Second ... - Ktooba.com

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6. ¿Tomaste café ayer por la mañana? 7. ¿Bailaste el fi n de semana pasado? 8. ¿Estudiaste español el año pasado? EJERCICIO 13·3 Traducción All of the verbs in the following paragraph are regular, but you will need to use both present and preterite tenses. ¡Ojo! (Watch out!) VOCABULARIO acabarse to end llorar to cry el baile ball, dance la madrastra stepmother barrer to sweep la medianoche midnight besar to kiss el palacio palace la canción song el príncipe prince conocer to know, meet quitar el polvo to dust cruel cruel regalar to give (a gift) enamorarse to fall in love el rey king entrar en to enter el suelo fl o o r la hada madrina fairy godmother todo el día all day long la hermanastra stepsister volverse loco/loca to go crazy inmediatamente immediately My name is Cinderella. I live with my stepmother and my two stepsisters. They are very cruel. Two days ago, all day long, I worked: I cleaned the house, washed the clothes, prepared the meals, dusted the furniture, and swept the fl oors. They watched TV and ate all day long. Then, at six o’clock they left for the ball at the king’s palace. I cried for ten minutes, and I sang a song. All of a sudden, my fairy godmother appeared in the living room. She gave me a dress and shoes, and I left for the ball. I entered the palace and met the prince. Immediately we fell in love. We danced until midnight, and I ran from the palace because my special night ended. I lost (perder) one of my new shoes. This afternoon, the prince arrived with my shoe. We kissed and then we fl ew to Las Vegas and got married. My stepmother and stepsisters went crazy. The preterite tense 113
Orthographic changes in regular verbs Th ere are three standard orthographic, or spelling, changes in Spanish that aff ect verbs in the preterite, as well as in other tenses. In the preterite, these changes occur only in the fi rst-person singular (yo) form. All other conjugated forms are regular in the preterite. Th ese orthographic changes are as follows. VERBS ENDING WITH -gar Th e g changes to gu before e: yo llegué (“I arrived”). VERBS ENDING WITH -car Th e c changes to qu before e: yo practiqué (“I practiced”). VERBS ENDING WITH -zar Th e z changes to c before e: yo empecé (“I began”). Th e reason for the fi rst two orthographic changes is to retain the sounds present in the infi nitives. In order to retain the hard g sound in those infi nitives ending with -gar, the letter g must become gu before the e in the yo form. Likewise, in order to retain the hard c sound in those infi nitives ending with -car, the letter c must be replaced by the qu combination before the e in the yo form. (Th e letters g and c naturally have soft sounds before the vowels e and i.) Th e reason for the third orthographic change is that the letter z never immediately precedes the letter e in Spanish (except in a very few cases that are borrowed from other languages). Replacing the z with the letter c retains the soft sound present in the infi nitive. Below are several common verbs with orthographic changes in the preterite, along with their respective yo forms. VOCABULARIO g > gu llegar to arrive yo llegué jugar to play (a game) yo jugué pagar to pay (for) yo pagué regar to water (a plant) yo regué segar to mow (grass, etc.) yo segué tragar to swallow yo tragué vagar to wander yo vagué c > qu aparcar to park yo aparqué buscar to look for, search yo busqué clarifi car to clarify yo clarifi qué clasifi car to classify yo clasifi qué destacar to stand out yo destaqué empacar to pack yo empaqué justifi car to justify yo justifi qué practicar to practice yo practiqué sacar to take out, take (a picture) yo saqué tocar to touch, play (an instrument) yo toqué 114 practice makes perfect Spanish Verb Tenses
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PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT Spanish Verb
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To Martin, Daisy, and Lily
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Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi
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16 The conditional tense 171 Regula
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Acknowledgments It is an enormous h
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Introduction More than any other as
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THE PRESENT TENSE TENSE Present TIM
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The basics of verbs Conjugation of
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Regular -ar verbs Regular -ar endin
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32. She listens. 33. They [f.] list
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Regular -er verbs To conjugate regu
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EJERCICIO 1·4 Traducción VOCABULA
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EJERCICIO ¿Cuál es verdadero o fa
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¿Por qué? Why? ¿Cómo? How? Acce
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EJERCICIO 1·10 Traducción VOCABUL
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Ser and estar ·2· Of all the verb
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Possession What’s yours is yours
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EJERCICIO 2·1 1. I am from the Uni
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Using estar Location Mood To give t
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EJERCICIO 2·3 Traducción Each of
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EJERCICIO 2·5 Complete each senten
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Hay Th e word hay is truly a hardwo
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EJERCICIO Describe your house or ap
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Tener Th e verb tener (“to have
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Age In English, we use the verb “
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7. Es julio y tú estás en Puerto
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Hi. I work at McDonald’s. I have
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The personal a ·5· Th e personal
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7. Whom do you love? 8. Do you see
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Common irregular verbs ·6· Below
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8. Usualmente, ¿adónde vas despu
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Playing games—jugar Th e verb jug
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7. What are you going to do? 8. Are
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EJERCICIO 6·8 Traducción VOCABULA
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Th e verbs saber and conocer both m
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7. Do you all know that there are s
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EJERCICIO 7·5 Tú conoces a María
Page 76 and 77: 5. The manicurist knows her clients
Page 78 and 79: In Chapter 1, we discussed the two
Page 80 and 81: 5. You all beg. 6. They [m.] count
Page 82 and 83: e > i 3. He washes the dishes. 4. W
Page 84 and 85: EJERCICIO 8·3 1. I compete. Traduc
Page 86 and 87: Irregular verb groups Many verbs ar
Page 88 and 89: EJERCICIO 9·2 Traducción VOCABULA
Page 90 and 91: Infi nitives ending with -cer or -c
Page 92 and 93: VOCABULARIO coger to catch, seize,
Page 94 and 95: EJERCICIO 9·9 Complete each senten
Page 96 and 97: EJERCICIO 9·12 Traducción VOCABUL
Page 98 and 99: EJERCICIO 9·14 Traducción VOCABUL
Page 100 and 101: Refl exive verbs A verb is refl exi
Page 102 and 103: EJERCICIO ¿Cuál es verdadero o fa
Page 104 and 105: EJERCICIO Describe your morning and
Page 106 and 107: Verbs like gustar ·11· Th ere are
Page 108 and 109: EJERCICIO 11·1 Traducción 1. Trut
Page 110 and 111: 10. A la Bella Durmiente le falta u
Page 112 and 113: The present progressive ·12· Th e
Page 114 and 115: 4. We are eating pizza and drinking
Page 116 and 117: 8. What are you reading? 9. Who is
Page 118 and 119: EJERCICIO 12·4 Traducción 1. I am
Page 120 and 121: ·II· THE PAST TENSES, THE FUTURE
Page 122 and 123: The preterite tense TENSE Preterite
Page 124 and 125: Below is the full conjugation of ab
Page 128 and 129: z > c autorizar to authorize yo aut
Page 130 and 131: Irregular verbs in the preterite Th
Page 132 and 133: 9. What did you do last night? 10.
Page 134 and 135: EJERCICIO 13·8 ir Yo fui a México
Page 136 and 137: 5. We said that we didn’t eat the
Page 138 and 139: I went to Puerto Rico last January.
Page 140 and 141: 6. At that moment, she preferred no
Page 142 and 143: 8. They [m.] contributed one hundre
Page 144 and 145: 3. Bollywood produjo muchas pelícu
Page 146 and 147: 7. Una amiga mía tuvo un bebé est
Page 148 and 149: The imperfect tense TENSE Imperfect
Page 150 and 151: When to use the imperfect Habitual
Page 152 and 153: EJERCICIO 14·2 ¿Qué era? Complet
Page 154 and 155: When I was younger, I liked school
Page 156 and 157: Below are several common verbs that
Page 158 and 159: Yesterday, when I was walking to sc
Page 160 and 161: Key words and phrases Certain words
Page 162 and 163: EJERCICIO 14·11 Complete each sent
Page 164 and 165: EJERCICIO 14·13 ¡Te toca a ti! Re
Page 166 and 167: EJERCICIO 14·15 Traducción VOCABU
Page 168 and 169: The progressive in the past Th ere
Page 170 and 171: This afternoon I saw the best episo
Page 172 and 173: TENSE Future TIME Refers to a futur
Page 174 and 175: EJERCICIO 15·1 Complete each sente
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11. ¿A qué hora te levantarás ma
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Below are several common compounds
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Habrá—hay in the future Th e thi
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12. These hammers (el martillo) wil
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The conditional tense TENSE Conditi
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EJERCICIO 16·1 Traducción 1. I wo
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Below are several common compounds
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12. I wouldn’t tell him, because
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The present perfect tense ·17· TE
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4. He comprado una camisa. 5. He al
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EJERCICIO ¿Qué has hecho esta sem
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The past perfect tense ·18· TENSE
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8. Antes de mi trabajo actual (pres
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EJERCICIO 18·2 Traducción 1. I ha
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The past perfect tense 193
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·III· THE IMPERATIVE, THE SUBJUNC
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MOOD Imperative TIME Refers to the
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◆ z c EJERCICIO 19·2 1. Don’t
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When two object pronouns are involv
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note When the yo form ends in -oy,
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12. Don’t go away angry [f.]! 13.
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nosotros commands Both affi rmative
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EJERCICIO 19·12 1. Let’s know ev
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The present subjunctive ·20· MOOD
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hacer hago querer quiero salir salg
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3. Espero que el próximo president
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Ignorance Verbs in the main clause
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Emotional statement or comment Emot
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EJERCICIO 20·6 Traducción 1. It
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Below are several common connecting
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Vague or indefi nite antecedent Whe
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“perhaps” and “maybe” Claus
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EJERCICIO 20·14 Traducción 1. Eve
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EJERCICIO 20·16 Traducción The fo
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The imperfect subjunctive ·21· MO
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EJERCICIO 21·1 Traducción 1. I wa
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13. It’s a miracle that the airli
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EJERCICIO 21·4 Traducción 1. He s
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EJERCICIO 21·5 Traducción 1. I wo
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EJERCICIO 21·6 Traducción 1. I wi
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The future perfect tense ·22· TEN
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14. If you lose this election, you
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I can’t believe it! By the end of
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TENSE Conditional perfect TIME Refe
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11. If she weren’t so selfi sh (e
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The present perfect subjunctive MOO
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10. It may be that they [m.] have n
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The pluperfect subjunctive MOOD Plu
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10. I never believed that she had b
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querer (“to wish”) in the main
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VOICE Passive The passive voice ·2
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EJERCICIO 26·2 Complete each sente
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The incomplete passive voice in oth
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13. They’ll close the doors at el
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14. I hope that this mess (el lío)
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Preterite conjugations Regular verb
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tener tendría tendrías tendría t
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a Appendix B Verbs that take a prep
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con de aburrirse con (n.) to be/get
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para por molestarse en (v.) to take
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I THE PRESENT TENSE Answer key Free
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2-6 Cuando estoy de mal humor limpi
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7-7 1. El médico conoce bien el cu
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12 The present progressive 12-1 1.
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13-16 H. L. Mencken fue un gran esc
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14-17 1. Yo estaba comiendo. 2. Est
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17-3 1. He tenido el dinero por má
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20-3 1. Dudo que ella coma en ese r
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21-2 1. Ellas no creen que yo hicie
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24-2 1. No contrataré a nadie que
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Spanish-English glossary note Nouns
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calle ( f.) street calor (m.) heat,
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despertador (m.) alarm clock desper
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grave serious gravedad ( f.) gravit
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monstruo (m.) monster montar ride;
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q que that; than ¿qué? what? qued
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tostar (o ue) to toast trabajar to
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English-Spanish glossary note Nouns
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c cabinet alacena ( f.), armario (m
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duck pato (m.) duke duque (m.) duri
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hand mano ( f.) (on the other) hand
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meet conocer; encontrarse (o ue);
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purchase comprar purse bolsa ( f.)
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stay estancia ( f.) stay quedarse s
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wind viento (m.) wind dar cuerda a;
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