Practice Makes Perfect Spanish Verb Tenses, Second ... - Ktooba.com

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14. If you lose this election, you will have lost more elections than anybody (nadie). 15. If you win this election, you will have proven that it is possible to fool (engañar) all the people all the time. To express probability Th e future perfect is used to express probability or conjecture with regard to something that took place in the recent past. It is in the conjecture aspect where the future perfect diff ers from the present perfect. Note the diff erence in the following two sentences. PRESENT PERFECT Él lo ha hecho. He has done it. FUTURE PERFECT Él lo habrá hecho. He must have done it. or He’s probably done it. Th e fi rst sentence simply reports an action; there is no uncertainty on the speaker’s part. However, in the second sentence, although the speaker appears reasonably certain, there is still a little room left for doubt. It is this slight uncertainty that is expressed in the use of the future perfect. EJERCICIO 22·2 Lo siento. Me habré dormido. I’m sorry. I must have fallen asleep. Nos habremos perdido. We must have gotten lost. Habrás estado aquí. You must have been here. Habréis leído el libro. You all must have read the book. ¿Quién habrá escrito tal cosa? Who could have written such a thing? ¿Adónde habrán ido? Where could they have gone? Traducción 1. Fernando must have sent these fl owers to me. 2. He must have paid our bill. How nice! 3. Fido must have stolen these slippers (la zapatilla). 4. Where could my little dog have gone? 5. Abdul looks (verse) pretty (bien) mad; Farrah must have told him everything. The future perfect tense 247
6. The kitchen stinks (oler mal)! Dorothy must have made dinner again. 7. That is a lie! You must have heard it from Roger. 8. How does he know these things? He must have read my diary (el diario). 9. When could this have happened? 10. Arthur must have known that Mary burned (quemar) all his love letters (la carta de amor). 11. You must have known that he was married. 12. I must have been crazy (in order) to buy vitamins (la vitamina) over the telephone (por teléfono). 13. Bears must have eaten our food. 14. It must have been terrible to discover that cockroaches were the real owners of your house. 15. She must have given you a fake (falso) telephone number. EJERCICIO 22·3 Traducción VOCABULARIO ahorrar to save (money) hacer un cheque to make out a check la hipoteca mortgage el interés interest mudarse to move olvidar to forget pobre poor tomar en consideración to take into account último last una vez ever 248 practice makes perfect Spanish Verb Tenses
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PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT Spanish Verb
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To Martin, Daisy, and Lily
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Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi
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16 The conditional tense 171 Regula
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Acknowledgments It is an enormous h
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Introduction More than any other as
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THE PRESENT TENSE TENSE Present TIM
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The basics of verbs Conjugation of
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Regular -ar verbs Regular -ar endin
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32. She listens. 33. They [f.] list
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Regular -er verbs To conjugate regu
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EJERCICIO 1·4 Traducción VOCABULA
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EJERCICIO ¿Cuál es verdadero o fa
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¿Por qué? Why? ¿Cómo? How? Acce
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EJERCICIO 1·10 Traducción VOCABUL
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Ser and estar ·2· Of all the verb
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Possession What’s yours is yours
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EJERCICIO 2·1 1. I am from the Uni
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Using estar Location Mood To give t
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EJERCICIO 2·3 Traducción Each of
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EJERCICIO 2·5 Complete each senten
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Hay Th e word hay is truly a hardwo
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EJERCICIO Describe your house or ap
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Tener Th e verb tener (“to have
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Age In English, we use the verb “
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7. Es julio y tú estás en Puerto
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Hi. I work at McDonald’s. I have
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The personal a ·5· Th e personal
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7. Whom do you love? 8. Do you see
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Common irregular verbs ·6· Below
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8. Usualmente, ¿adónde vas despu
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Playing games—jugar Th e verb jug
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7. What are you going to do? 8. Are
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Th e verbs saber and conocer both m
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7. Do you all know that there are s
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EJERCICIO 7·5 Tú conoces a María
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5. The manicurist knows her clients
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In Chapter 1, we discussed the two
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5. You all beg. 6. They [m.] count
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e > i 3. He washes the dishes. 4. W
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EJERCICIO 8·3 1. I compete. Traduc
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Irregular verb groups Many verbs ar
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Infi nitives ending with -cer or -c
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VOCABULARIO coger to catch, seize,
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EJERCICIO 9·9 Complete each senten
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Refl exive verbs A verb is refl exi
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EJERCICIO ¿Cuál es verdadero o fa
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EJERCICIO Describe your morning and
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Verbs like gustar ·11· Th ere are
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EJERCICIO 11·1 Traducción 1. Trut
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10. A la Bella Durmiente le falta u
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The present progressive ·12· Th e
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4. We are eating pizza and drinking
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8. What are you reading? 9. Who is
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EJERCICIO 12·4 Traducción 1. I am
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·II· THE PAST TENSES, THE FUTURE
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The preterite tense TENSE Preterite
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Below is the full conjugation of ab
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6. ¿Tomaste café ayer por la mañ
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z > c autorizar to authorize yo aut
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Irregular verbs in the preterite Th
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9. What did you do last night? 10.
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EJERCICIO 13·8 ir Yo fui a México
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5. We said that we didn’t eat the
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I went to Puerto Rico last January.
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6. At that moment, she preferred no
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8. They [m.] contributed one hundre
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3. Bollywood produjo muchas pelícu
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7. Una amiga mía tuvo un bebé est
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The imperfect tense TENSE Imperfect
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When to use the imperfect Habitual
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EJERCICIO 14·2 ¿Qué era? Complet
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When I was younger, I liked school
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Below are several common verbs that
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Yesterday, when I was walking to sc
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Key words and phrases Certain words
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EJERCICIO 14·11 Complete each sent
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EJERCICIO 14·13 ¡Te toca a ti! Re
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EJERCICIO 14·15 Traducción VOCABU
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The progressive in the past Th ere
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This afternoon I saw the best episo
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TENSE Future TIME Refers to a futur
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EJERCICIO 15·1 Complete each sente
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11. ¿A qué hora te levantarás ma
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Below are several common compounds
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Habrá—hay in the future Th e thi
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12. These hammers (el martillo) wil
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The conditional tense TENSE Conditi
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EJERCICIO 16·1 Traducción 1. I wo
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Below are several common compounds
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12. I wouldn’t tell him, because
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The present perfect tense ·17· TE
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4. He comprado una camisa. 5. He al
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EJERCICIO ¿Qué has hecho esta sem
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The past perfect tense ·18· TENSE
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8. Antes de mi trabajo actual (pres
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EJERCICIO 18·2 Traducción 1. I ha
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The past perfect tense 193
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·III· THE IMPERATIVE, THE SUBJUNC
Page 210 and 211: MOOD Imperative TIME Refers to the
Page 212 and 213: ◆ z c EJERCICIO 19·2 1. Don’t
Page 214 and 215: When two object pronouns are involv
Page 216 and 217: note When the yo form ends in -oy,
Page 218 and 219: 12. Don’t go away angry [f.]! 13.
Page 220 and 221: nosotros commands Both affi rmative
Page 222 and 223: EJERCICIO 19·12 1. Let’s know ev
Page 224 and 225: The present subjunctive ·20· MOOD
Page 226 and 227: hacer hago querer quiero salir salg
Page 228 and 229: 3. Espero que el próximo president
Page 230 and 231: Ignorance Verbs in the main clause
Page 232 and 233: Emotional statement or comment Emot
Page 234 and 235: EJERCICIO 20·6 Traducción 1. It
Page 236 and 237: Below are several common connecting
Page 238 and 239: Vague or indefi nite antecedent Whe
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Page 242 and 243: EJERCICIO 20·14 Traducción 1. Eve
Page 244 and 245: EJERCICIO 20·16 Traducción The fo
Page 246 and 247: The imperfect subjunctive ·21· MO
Page 248 and 249: EJERCICIO 21·1 Traducción 1. I wa
Page 250 and 251: 13. It’s a miracle that the airli
Page 252 and 253: EJERCICIO 21·4 Traducción 1. He s
Page 254 and 255: EJERCICIO 21·5 Traducción 1. I wo
Page 256 and 257: EJERCICIO 21·6 Traducción 1. I wi
Page 258 and 259: The future perfect tense ·22· TEN
Page 262 and 263: I can’t believe it! By the end of
Page 264 and 265: TENSE Conditional perfect TIME Refe
Page 266 and 267: 11. If she weren’t so selfi sh (e
Page 268 and 269: EJERCICIO 23·3 Traducción VOCABUL
Page 270 and 271: The present perfect subjunctive MOO
Page 272 and 273: 10. It may be that they [m.] have n
Page 276 and 277: The pluperfect subjunctive MOOD Plu
Page 278 and 279: 10. I never believed that she had b
Page 280 and 281: querer (“to wish”) in the main
Page 284 and 285: VOICE Passive The passive voice ·2
Page 286 and 287: EJERCICIO 26·2 Complete each sente
Page 288 and 289: The incomplete passive voice in oth
Page 290 and 291: 13. They’ll close the doors at el
Page 292 and 293: 14. I hope that this mess (el lío)
Page 294 and 295: Preterite conjugations Regular verb
Page 296 and 297: tener tendría tendrías tendría t
Page 298 and 299: a Appendix B Verbs that take a prep
Page 300 and 301: con de aburrirse con (n.) to be/get
Page 302 and 303: para por molestarse en (v.) to take
Page 304 and 305: I THE PRESENT TENSE Answer key Free
Page 306 and 307: 2-6 Cuando estoy de mal humor limpi
Page 308 and 309: 7-7 1. El médico conoce bien el cu
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12 The present progressive 12-1 1.
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13-16 H. L. Mencken fue un gran esc
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14-17 1. Yo estaba comiendo. 2. Est
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17-3 1. He tenido el dinero por má
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20-3 1. Dudo que ella coma en ese r
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21-2 1. Ellas no creen que yo hicie
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24-2 1. No contrataré a nadie que
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Spanish-English glossary note Nouns
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calle ( f.) street calor (m.) heat,
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despertador (m.) alarm clock desper
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grave serious gravedad ( f.) gravit
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monstruo (m.) monster montar ride;
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q que that; than ¿qué? what? qued
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tostar (o ue) to toast trabajar to
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English-Spanish glossary note Nouns
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c cabinet alacena ( f.), armario (m
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duck pato (m.) duke duque (m.) duri
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hand mano ( f.) (on the other) hand
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meet conocer; encontrarse (o ue);
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purchase comprar purse bolsa ( f.)
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stay estancia ( f.) stay quedarse s
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wind viento (m.) wind dar cuerda a;
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