Practice Makes Perfect Spanish Verb Tenses, Second ... - Ktooba.com

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In Chapter 1, we discussed the two parts of the infi nitive: (1) the infi nitive ending (-ar, -er, or -ir), and (2) the verb base (what remains when the infi nitive ending is removed). Another word for the base is the stem. With regular verbs, the stem or base always stays the same. Th e verbs covered in this chapter show changes in the verb stem. Some of these verbs also show irregularities in the verb ending. Th ere are three groups of stem-changing verbs: o ue, e ie, and e i. o > ue Stem-changing verbs ·8· Th e fi rst group of stem-changing verbs involves changing the o in the verb stem to ue in all the conjugated forms except nosotros and vosotros. Th e verb endings in the conjugation remain regular. contar to count mover to move dormir to sleep cuento contamos muevo movemos duermo dormimos cuentas contáis mueves movéis duermes dormís cuenta cuentan mueve mueven duerme duermen One of the features of stem-changing verbs is that the change takes place in the fi rst-, second-, and third-person singular, and the third-person plural. If you were to draw a line around these changed verb forms, you would come up with something resembling a boot. Th is shape is oft en referred to as the “boot of irregularity.” Many people wonder, Why all this bother? Why not just conjugate these verbs using the regular pattern covered in Chapter 1? Th e answer has to do with sound: Spanish is nothing if not mellifl uous. Without the stem change, we would have forms such as almorzo, moro, and dormo. It’s easy to hear how defi cient these sounds are compared to their correct counterparts of almuerzo, muero, and duermo. It’s well worth the eff ort to learn to conjugate these verbs, and aft er a bit, you will be conjugating them correctly based on sound alone. Not making the stem change will be painful to your delicate ears! On the following page are several common o ue stem-changing verbs. 65
VOCABULARIO almorzar to eat lunch mostrar to show aprobar to approve mover to move (an object) colgar to hang (up) probar to prove, test, sample, taste contar to count recordar to remember costar to cost resolver to solve devolver to return (an object) rogar to beg, pray dormir to sleep sonar to sound, ring encontrar to fi nd soñar (con) to dream (about) envolver to wrap (up) tostar to toast morder to bite volver to return morir to die volar to fl y EJERCICIO ¿Cuál es verdadero o falso para ti? 1. Yo duermo en un dormitorio. 2. Yo cuento mi dinero cada día. 3. El héroe Superhombre vuela. 4. Cada mañana tuesto el pan. 5. Normalmente, sueño cuando duermo. 6. Típicamente, almuerzo en casa. 7. A veces mis amigos y yo almorzamos en un restaurante. 8. Mis amigos me muestran sus casas. 9. A veces encuentro dinero en el sofá. 10. Un anillo de oro cuesta mucho. 11. Después de hablar por teléfono, cuelgo. 12. Después de leer un libro de la biblioteca, lo devuelvo. EJERCICIO 8·1 1. I eat lunch. 2. You eat lunch. 3. The dog bites. 4. We approve. Traducción 66 practice makes perfect Spanish Verb Tenses
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PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT Spanish Verb
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To Martin, Daisy, and Lily
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Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi
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16 The conditional tense 171 Regula
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Acknowledgments It is an enormous h
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Introduction More than any other as
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THE PRESENT TENSE TENSE Present TIM
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The basics of verbs Conjugation of
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Regular -ar verbs Regular -ar endin
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32. She listens. 33. They [f.] list
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Regular -er verbs To conjugate regu
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EJERCICIO 1·4 Traducción VOCABULA
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EJERCICIO ¿Cuál es verdadero o fa
Page 28 and 29: ¿Por qué? Why? ¿Cómo? How? Acce
Page 30 and 31: EJERCICIO 1·10 Traducción VOCABUL
Page 32 and 33: Ser and estar ·2· Of all the verb
Page 34 and 35: Possession What’s yours is yours
Page 36 and 37: EJERCICIO 2·1 1. I am from the Uni
Page 38 and 39: Using estar Location Mood To give t
Page 40 and 41: EJERCICIO 2·3 Traducción Each of
Page 42 and 43: EJERCICIO 2·5 Complete each senten
Page 44 and 45: Hay Th e word hay is truly a hardwo
Page 46 and 47: EJERCICIO Describe your house or ap
Page 48 and 49: Tener Th e verb tener (“to have
Page 50 and 51: Age In English, we use the verb “
Page 52 and 53: 7. Es julio y tú estás en Puerto
Page 54 and 55: Hi. I work at McDonald’s. I have
Page 56 and 57: The personal a ·5· Th e personal
Page 58 and 59: 7. Whom do you love? 8. Do you see
Page 60 and 61: Common irregular verbs ·6· Below
Page 62 and 63: 8. Usualmente, ¿adónde vas despu
Page 64 and 65: Playing games—jugar Th e verb jug
Page 66 and 67: 7. What are you going to do? 8. Are
Page 68 and 69: EJERCICIO 6·8 Traducción VOCABULA
Page 70 and 71: Th e verbs saber and conocer both m
Page 72 and 73: 7. Do you all know that there are s
Page 74 and 75: EJERCICIO 7·5 Tú conoces a María
Page 76 and 77: 5. The manicurist knows her clients
Page 80 and 81: 5. You all beg. 6. They [m.] count
Page 82 and 83: e > i 3. He washes the dishes. 4. W
Page 84 and 85: EJERCICIO 8·3 1. I compete. Traduc
Page 86 and 87: Irregular verb groups Many verbs ar
Page 88 and 89: EJERCICIO 9·2 Traducción VOCABULA
Page 90 and 91: Infi nitives ending with -cer or -c
Page 92 and 93: VOCABULARIO coger to catch, seize,
Page 94 and 95: EJERCICIO 9·9 Complete each senten
Page 100 and 101: Refl exive verbs A verb is refl exi
Page 102 and 103: EJERCICIO ¿Cuál es verdadero o fa
Page 104 and 105: EJERCICIO Describe your morning and
Page 106 and 107: Verbs like gustar ·11· Th ere are
Page 108 and 109: EJERCICIO 11·1 Traducción 1. Trut
Page 110 and 111: 10. A la Bella Durmiente le falta u
Page 112 and 113: The present progressive ·12· Th e
Page 114 and 115: 4. We are eating pizza and drinking
Page 116 and 117: 8. What are you reading? 9. Who is
Page 118 and 119: EJERCICIO 12·4 Traducción 1. I am
Page 120 and 121: ·II· THE PAST TENSES, THE FUTURE
Page 122 and 123: The preterite tense TENSE Preterite
Page 124 and 125: Below is the full conjugation of ab
Page 126 and 127: 6. ¿Tomaste café ayer por la mañ
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z > c autorizar to authorize yo aut
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Irregular verbs in the preterite Th
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9. What did you do last night? 10.
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EJERCICIO 13·8 ir Yo fui a México
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5. We said that we didn’t eat the
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I went to Puerto Rico last January.
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6. At that moment, she preferred no
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8. They [m.] contributed one hundre
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3. Bollywood produjo muchas pelícu
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7. Una amiga mía tuvo un bebé est
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The imperfect tense TENSE Imperfect
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When to use the imperfect Habitual
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EJERCICIO 14·2 ¿Qué era? Complet
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When I was younger, I liked school
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Below are several common verbs that
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Yesterday, when I was walking to sc
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Key words and phrases Certain words
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EJERCICIO 14·11 Complete each sent
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EJERCICIO 14·13 ¡Te toca a ti! Re
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EJERCICIO 14·15 Traducción VOCABU
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The progressive in the past Th ere
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This afternoon I saw the best episo
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TENSE Future TIME Refers to a futur
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EJERCICIO 15·1 Complete each sente
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11. ¿A qué hora te levantarás ma
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Below are several common compounds
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Habrá—hay in the future Th e thi
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12. These hammers (el martillo) wil
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The conditional tense TENSE Conditi
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EJERCICIO 16·1 Traducción 1. I wo
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Below are several common compounds
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12. I wouldn’t tell him, because
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The present perfect tense ·17· TE
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4. He comprado una camisa. 5. He al
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EJERCICIO ¿Qué has hecho esta sem
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EJERCICIO 17·4 Traducción VOCABUL
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The past perfect tense ·18· TENSE
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8. Antes de mi trabajo actual (pres
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EJERCICIO 18·2 Traducción 1. I ha
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The past perfect tense 193
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·III· THE IMPERATIVE, THE SUBJUNC
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MOOD Imperative TIME Refers to the
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◆ z c EJERCICIO 19·2 1. Don’t
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When two object pronouns are involv
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note When the yo form ends in -oy,
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12. Don’t go away angry [f.]! 13.
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nosotros commands Both affi rmative
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EJERCICIO 19·12 1. Let’s know ev
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The present subjunctive ·20· MOOD
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hacer hago querer quiero salir salg
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3. Espero que el próximo president
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Ignorance Verbs in the main clause
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Emotional statement or comment Emot
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EJERCICIO 20·6 Traducción 1. It
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Below are several common connecting
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Vague or indefi nite antecedent Whe
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“perhaps” and “maybe” Claus
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EJERCICIO 20·14 Traducción 1. Eve
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EJERCICIO 20·16 Traducción The fo
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The imperfect subjunctive ·21· MO
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EJERCICIO 21·1 Traducción 1. I wa
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13. It’s a miracle that the airli
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EJERCICIO 21·4 Traducción 1. He s
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EJERCICIO 21·5 Traducción 1. I wo
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EJERCICIO 21·6 Traducción 1. I wi
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The future perfect tense ·22· TEN
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14. If you lose this election, you
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I can’t believe it! By the end of
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TENSE Conditional perfect TIME Refe
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11. If she weren’t so selfi sh (e
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The present perfect subjunctive MOO
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10. It may be that they [m.] have n
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The pluperfect subjunctive MOOD Plu
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10. I never believed that she had b
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querer (“to wish”) in the main
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VOICE Passive The passive voice ·2
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EJERCICIO 26·2 Complete each sente
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The incomplete passive voice in oth
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13. They’ll close the doors at el
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14. I hope that this mess (el lío)
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Preterite conjugations Regular verb
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tener tendría tendrías tendría t
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a Appendix B Verbs that take a prep
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con de aburrirse con (n.) to be/get
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para por molestarse en (v.) to take
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I THE PRESENT TENSE Answer key Free
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2-6 Cuando estoy de mal humor limpi
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7-7 1. El médico conoce bien el cu
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12 The present progressive 12-1 1.
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13-16 H. L. Mencken fue un gran esc
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14-17 1. Yo estaba comiendo. 2. Est
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17-3 1. He tenido el dinero por má
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20-3 1. Dudo que ella coma en ese r
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21-2 1. Ellas no creen que yo hicie
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24-2 1. No contrataré a nadie que
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Spanish-English glossary note Nouns
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calle ( f.) street calor (m.) heat,
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despertador (m.) alarm clock desper
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grave serious gravedad ( f.) gravit
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monstruo (m.) monster montar ride;
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q que that; than ¿qué? what? qued
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tostar (o ue) to toast trabajar to
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English-Spanish glossary note Nouns
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c cabinet alacena ( f.), armario (m
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duck pato (m.) duke duque (m.) duri
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hand mano ( f.) (on the other) hand
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meet conocer; encontrarse (o ue);
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purchase comprar purse bolsa ( f.)
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stay estancia ( f.) stay quedarse s
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wind viento (m.) wind dar cuerda a;
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Practice Makes Perfect Spanish Verb Tenses, Second ... - Ktooba.com

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