almanac on security sector oversight in the Western Balkans

More documents

Recommendations

Info

of Environment and the mayors. The Prosecutor General is “between” the executive and judiciary and has managing and controlling responsibilities over the judicial police (see Table 1). 20 3.2. Legislature Parliament is the linchpin of accountability of the Albanian security sector. It has exclusive power to adopt laws, approve budgets and endorse major policy decisions including national security and defence strategies. In addition, it has mechanisms to implement its laws. Parliament has established three permanent committees, which are in charge of contacts and consultations with executive and security institutions (Rules of Procedures of the Assembly): • Committee on National Security (CNS), responsible for organisation of the national defence and the Armed Forces, military cooperation, internal affairs, civil emergencies, public order and secret services • Committee on Economy and Finances (CEF), responsible for the budget and oversight of its execution; • Committee on Legal Issues, Public Administration and Human Rights (CLIPAHR), responsible for organisation of the judiciary, independent institutions and human rights. 3.3. Independent oversight institutions In addition to direct oversight of implementation of legislation, policies and budgets, parliament has established several independent institutions which oversee implementation of legislation by the security institutions and report to the assembly (see Table 2 below). • People’s Advocate (PsA) oversees implementation of legislation on human rights; • State Supreme Audit Institution (SSAI) controls spending of public funds; • Commissioner for the Protection of Personal Data supervises and monitors protection of personal data; • High Inspectorate on Declaration and Audit of Assets is an anti-corruption institution responsible for controlling implementation of conflicts of interest legislation; • Procurement Advocate (PA) controls implementation of public procurement legislation; • Commissioner on Protection against Discrimination oversees implementation of legislation on protection against discrimination.
Table 2: Permanent committees with control and oversight responsibilities Committee on National Security Discusses legislation and budget of security institutions Conducts ex post oversight through reporting of responsible ministers and/or security institutions: • Armed Forces • law enforcement • intelligence agencies 3.4. Judiciary Parliament Committee on Legal Issues, Public Administration and Human Rights Discusses legislation of security institutions Conducts ex post oversight on the implementation of legislation on human rights by security institutions through reporting of independent institutions: • the People’s Advocate, • Commissioner for the Protection of Personal Data, • High Inspectorate on Declaration and Audit of Assets, • Commissioner on Protection against Discrimination. Albania Committee on Economy and Finances Discusses budget of security institutions Conducts ex post oversight on implementation of budget and public procurements by security institutions through reporting of independent institutions: • Supreme Audit Institution • Procurement Advocate The judiciary oversees the security sector by reviewing the constitutionality of laws and policies that parliament adopts and by ruling on the legality of executive branch implementation of laws. The judiciary is composed of a three level court system: the Courts of First Instance, the Courts of Appeal, and the High Court. The Constitutional Court, formally outside the judiciary and independent of all branches of government, interprets and guarantees compliance with the Constitution of Albania. 4 . Control and oversight of armed forces This section analyses the control and oversight of the Armed Forces. It starts with an introduction to the progress and failures of reform in the last twenty years and continues with an analysis of the performance of each of the bodies with control and oversight powers. 4.1. Background Albanian defence reform cannot be understood outside the context of the communist legacy. With the advent of democracy in 1991, a new concept of defence had to be defined and a legal framework for civilian control of the Armed Forces had to be drafted from scratch. Despite ups and downs, defence reforms have been the most successful reforms in the public sector. There were many recent accomplishments, 21 Almanac on Security Sector Oversight in the Western Balkans
Page 1 and 2: Serbia Almanac on Security Sector O
Page 4 and 5: Publishers: the Belgrade Centre for
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgements This alman
Page 8 and 9: Introduction While official coopera
Page 10 and 11: the purpose of this study, accounta
Page 12 and 13: Different authors chose to present
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 - Albania Authors: Arjan
Page 17 and 18: 1 . Introduction Albania This chapt
Page 19: Albania cotts them. Opposition ofte
Page 23 and 24: Albania The president is also the h
Page 25 and 26: Albania trust the expertise of the
Page 27 and 28: Box 1: The Gerdec case Albania The
Page 29 and 30: Albania Executive financial control
Page 31 and 32: Albania resources of the People´s
Page 33 and 34: Albania become a common trend (Free
Page 35 and 36: Albania intelligence, while the Nat
Page 37 and 38: Albania these units are not always
Page 39 and 40: Albania Trust has increased in the
Page 41 and 42: Albania • The executive and parli
Page 43 and 44: Albania 26. Minutes from the discus
Page 45: Albania 11. OECD. SIGMA, Support fo
Page 48 and 49: Abbreviations and acronyms BiH Bosn
Page 50 and 51: that with its assistance, in the fo
Page 52 and 53: fourteen police agencies in Bosnia
Page 54 and 55: An institution that best exemplifie
Page 56 and 57: Several different agencies share co
Page 58 and 59: this research, these departments ad
Page 60 and 61: the respect for human rights in the
Page 62 and 63: significantly improved since 2008,
Page 64 and 65: 2006, Bosnia and Herzegovina signed
Page 66 and 67: 5 . Recommendations The proposed la
Page 68 and 69: Bibliography 68 Primary sources 1.
Page 70:
8. www.sipa.gov.ba - state Investig
Page 74 and 75:
Abbreviations and acronyms BiH Bosn
Page 76 and 77:
1 . Introduction This chapter will
Page 78 and 79:
new dynamics to both, internal and
Page 80 and 81:
social groups and institutions as a
Page 82 and 83:
Figure 1 International organization
Page 84 and 85:
higher standards of operations of s
Page 86 and 87:
There are numerous ways in which pa
Page 88 and 89:
norms result from overzealous attem
Page 90 and 91:
esources is a fact of life in all t
Page 92 and 93:
5.1.2. Lessons learned from impleme
Page 94 and 95:
Social Democratic government marked
Page 96 and 97:
Reform deteriorated in the next per
Page 98 and 99:
Bibliography 53 1. Anderson, Peter
Page 100:
38. Zakon o prekršajima, Narodne n
Page 104 and 105:
Abbreviations and acronyms ACA Koso
Page 106 and 107:
1 . Introduction The security secto
Page 108 and 109:
The international military presence
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 1: Organisation of the Secur
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 2: Mapping of the Security S
Page 114 and 115:
According to the new Law on the Pol
Page 116 and 117:
Hearings for budgetary proposals ar
Page 118 and 119:
Court decisions for criminal cases
Page 120 and 121:
human rights by the Kosovo Assembly
Page 122 and 123:
Both the OAG and the ACA submit the
Page 124 and 125:
context, therefore, is a crucial in
Page 126 and 127:
Bibliography 126 Legislation 1. Con
Page 129 and 130:
Chapter 5 - Macedonia Author: Andre
Page 131 and 132:
1 . Introduction Macedonia Macedoni
Page 133 and 134:
Macedonia through assistance to and
Page 135 and 136:
Macedonia Oversight institutions ha
Page 137 and 138:
Macedonia Thirdly, the Committee on
Page 139 and 140:
Macedonia Even though the SAO issue
Page 141 and 142:
4.1. Parliament Macedonia The polic
Page 143 and 144:
Macedonia SICPS is unprofessional a
Page 145 and 146:
4.5. Constitutional Court Macedonia
Page 147 and 148:
Macedonia Members of the Committee
Page 149 and 150:
Macedonia person under surveillance
Page 151 and 152:
Macedonia should be expanded by con
Page 153 and 154:
Macedonia 14. Закон за ра
Page 155 and 156:
Macedonia 32. State Audit Office (2
Page 159 and 160:
Chapter 6 - Montenegro Authors: Raj
Page 161 and 162:
1 . Introduction Montenegro The aim
Page 163 and 164:
Montenegro The process of security
Page 165 and 166:
Montenegro Finally, the National Se
Page 167 and 168:
Montenegro CSD only needs the agree
Page 169 and 170:
Montenegro bers representing differ
Page 171 and 172:
Montenegro only after the Agency fo
Page 173 and 174:
3.5. Financial oversight and contro
Page 175 and 176:
Montenegro make additional efforts
Page 177 and 178:
Bibliography Legislation Montenegro
Page 179:
Montenegro 13. Ministry of Internal
Page 182 and 183:
Abbreviations and acronyms CCD Code
Page 184 and 185:
herent. The reason for this was a l
Page 186 and 187:
ance and respect for human rights a
Page 188 and 189:
security institutions during one wo
Page 190 and 191:
meetings, regular exchange of infor
Page 192 and 193:
maltreatment in custody it is impos
Page 194 and 195:
expressed in relation to the role o
Page 196 and 197:
have acted as intermediaries of the
Page 198 and 199:
and the third, budgetary inspection
Page 200 and 201:
obliged to send quarterly reports o
Page 202 and 203:
The aforementioned problems could b
Page 204 and 205:
6.1.3. Judiciary • Courts should
Page 206 and 207:
Bibliography 206 Primary sources 1.
Page 208 and 209:
208 Secondary sources 1. Belgrade C
Page 210 and 211:
210
Page 212 and 213:
Abbreviations and acronyms ARS Army
Page 214 and 215:
ise data from previous analyses 186
Page 216 and 217:
states and in the region (Hadžić,
Page 218 and 219:
The formative phase was crucial for
Page 220 and 221:
similarities between the processes
Page 222 and 223:
adical SSR, but also the main threa
Page 224 and 225:
The emergence of new actors permane
Page 226 and 227:
control and oversee the work of exe
Page 228 and 229:
MPs in the work of several committe
Page 230 and 231:
Table 3: New legal framework Laws A
Page 232 and 233:
Table 4 - part 2: Political and Str
Page 234 and 235:
Table 7: Independent State Institut
Page 236 and 237:
14. Miroslav Hadžić, Milorad Timo
Page 239 and 240:
SSR Index - Measuring to Advance De
Page 241 and 242:
1 . Introduction SSR Index - Measur
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Box 1: Where is this framework appl
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
• Frequency: frequent/occasional/
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Annex I: Grading System for SSR GRA
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
GRADE 5 Focus is on adopted values
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Grades Grades for Parliamentary Con
Page 275 and 276:
Albania Grades Table: Measuring Thr
Page 277 and 278:
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina tran
Page 279 and 280:
Bosnia and Herzegovina reveals defi
Page 281 and 282:
Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia esta
Page 283 and 284:
Croatia Grades GENERAL TRANSPARENCY
Page 285 and 286:
Croatia contribute to the planning
Page 287 and 288:
Kosovo Grades GENERAL TRANSPARENCY
Page 289 and 290:
Kosovo Macedonia Procurement transp
Page 291 and 292:
Macedonia Grades GENERAL TRANSPAREN
Page 293 and 294:
Macedonia The state budget is based
Page 295 and 296:
Montenegro Recommendations: • The
Page 297 and 298:
Montenegro of Public Procurement, t
Page 299 and 300:
Serbia ties of the DSC’s work, cl
Page 301 and 302:
Serbia of the actors’ organizatio
Page 303 and 304:
Research Consortium Partners ANALYT
show all

almanac on security sector oversight in the Western Balkans

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?