Forest Products from Latin America. Annotated Bibliography of ...

include moisture content and shrinkage from the green con-
dition, specific gravity, strength in static bending, compres-
sion parallel and perpendicular, hardness, shear strength,
impact strength, tensile strength parallel, and nail-holding
power of green wood and wood at 12 percent moisture con-
tent. Test procedures are described, and comparative data
for wood of P. banksiana, P. echinata, P. ponderosa, and P.
resinosa grown in the USA are provided.
Orbe-V., Jorge; Valarezo-G., Vladimir. 1981. A drying
study of wood of several species from southeastern
Ecuador (Estudio de Secado de la Madera de Varias Especies
del Sur-Oriente del Ecuador). Conocoto, Ecuador:
Centro de Capacitacion e Investigacion Forestal. 18 p.
Lumber (25-mm thick?) from 33 species of Southeastern
Ecuador was air dried and kiln dried (mild, moderate, and
severe schedule) at Conocoto (near Quito). The presence
and intensity of drying defects (warp, splits, checks) was
measured. Air dried woods were grouped in 3 groups depending
on amount of drying defect incurred. Kiln dried
woods were grouped by their response to the three severities
of kiln schedules.
Parra, A.; Borgo, G.; Valdes, F. 1953. The kiln dry-
ing of timber (El secado de maderas en estufa). Mexico:
Asociacion Mexicana de Profesionistas Forestales. 119 p.
The structure of wood, with an emphasis on its water con-
tent, is explained. The components of kilns are explained,
and tables to determine drying time are provided.
Pavon-H., M. 1987. Design of a warp measuring device
for sawnwood. (Diseno de un banco de medicion de defec-
tos de madera aserrada). Ciencia e Investigacion Forestal.
2:126-132.
Describes in detail, with drawings, a device with which to
measure warp in sawn lumber.
Pedraza-M., S.H. 1984. Recommendations for air drying
of wood (Recomendacions para el secado de la madera
a1 aire libre). Coyoacan, D.F., Mexico: Ciencia Forestal,
Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigacones Forestales.
9(52):51-63.
General discussion of air drying techniques given at a meeting
in Durango in 1979.
Perez-G., V.A. 1978. Wood construction manual (Manual
de construcciones en madera). Santiago, Chile: Instituto
Forestal. 500 p.
A manual of 10 chapters including: wood structure and
properties; uses and products; engineering; drying; service
life of wood; standards; insulation; constructional systems;
and other wooden components (doors, windows, etc.); laminated
wood; and glossary.
Perez-R., J. 1965. Drying schedules for Pinus montezumae
Lamb. and P. ayacahuite var. veitchii lumber (Secuelas
de secado para madera aserrada de Pinus montezumae
Lamb. y Pinus ayacahuite var. veitchii). Tesis Profesional.
Chapingo, Mexico: Escuela Nacional de Agriculturas. 51 p.
Rasmussen, E.F. 1961. Dry kiln operator’s manual.
Agric. Handb. No. 188. Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service. 197 p.
Complete information on the operation of dry kilns, in-
cluding theoretical aspects, drying effects, kiln schedules,
equipment, and so on. A revised edition was published in
1991. (W.T. Simpson, ed.)
50
Record, S.J.; Hess, R.W. 1943. Timbers of the new
world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 640 p.
Contains descriptions of trees, where they grow. It supplies
basis for identification of the trees and their woods, corre-
lates the vernacular, trade and scientific names, and gives
technical data on various subjects, including drying.
Rice, W.W. 1966. (1) Virola’s problems unmasked.
(2) Domestic shortages? Have you tried Virola. Woodwork-
ing Digest. 68(8):11, 26-30, 33-36.
Rosende-B., R. 1972. Equilibrium moisture content of
some Chilean timbers. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Forestal.
Informe Tecnico 36:135-144.
Tabulates data on the EMC of wood from six trees from
each of six species (Araucaria araucana, Eucalyptus glob-
ulus, Nothofagus alpina, N. obliqua, Laurelia philippiana,
Eucryphia cordifolia) at four places in Chile in various
months from July 1967 to August 1968.
Rosende-B., R.; Castillo-B., H. 1973. Shrinkage, col-
lapse and movement of Chilean timbers. Boletin Informa-
tivo, Instituto Forestal. 27:39.
Describes wood shrinkage, collapse, and movement of tim-
ber for nontechnical audience. Examples of formulae are
given for calculating the amounts of shrinkage, collapse,
and movement for a variety of conditions. Data are shown
in tabular form giving the maximum shrinkage and move-
ment of the main native and exotic Chilean species.
Sahlman, E.J.; Han-R., M. 1963. Kiln drying of timber
(Secamiento artifical de la madera). Santiago, Chile:
Manual No. 1, Instituto Forestal. 64 p.
Presents an introduction to the structure of wood, water
in wood, principles of drying, different types of drying, and
several different methods of drying wood.
Simpson, William T., ed. 1991. Dry kiln operator’s
manual. Agric. Handb. 188. (Rev.) Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 274 p.
Simpson, W.T.; Tschernitz, J.L. 1984. Solar dry
kiln for tropical latitudes. Madison, WI: Forest Products
Journal. 34(5):25-34.
Reports on a 2.4 m3 solar dry kiln developed for use in
tropical areas. The kiln was designed to be low cost and
provide automatic control of scheduled drying. Field performance
demonstrated the success of the design.
Simpson, W.T.; Baah, C.J. 1989. Grouping tropical
wood species for kiln drying. Res. Note FPL-RN-0256.
Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Forest Products Laboratory. 14 p.
The most efficient method to kiln dry tropical hardwood
species is in groups because of the large number of them
and their diffuse occurrence in the forest. However, this
large number of species presents a wide variety of drying
properties, which make it difficult to dry mixtures of
species. This report develops a mathematical model for
grouping species by similar drying times. The goal is to
kiln dry so all species will emerge from the same kiln at the
same time within set limits of moisture content and with
minimum drying defects.
Simpson, W.T.; Tschernitz, J.L. 1989. Performance
of a solar/wood energy kiln in tropical latitudes. Forest
Products Journal. 39(1):23-30.