Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service - NOAA

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SALMON RUNS OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER IN 1938 129 TABLE 17.—Daily catch of chinook salmon in Zones 1 and S, June 5 to July SO, 1938, and Bonneville count for corresponding runs, June 19 to August 13, with derived figures showing fluctuations in catch during the week—Continued July 2 Sa July 4 M July 6 Tu July в W July 7 Th July 8 F July 9 Sa July 10 Su July 11 M July 12 Tu July 13 W July 14 Th July 15 F July 16 Sa July 17 Su July 18 M July 19 Tu July 20 W July 21 Th July 22 Г July 23 Sa July 24 Su July 25 M July 26 Tu July 27 W July 28 Th July 29 F Date Total, all gear Poundi 26 612 1,413 49 636 64,333 51 809 59 254 54 530 49 862 3 697 72, 21fi 62, 111 47, 137 36 822 29,583 22, 313 2 591 49,628 46, 097 40 653 32, 998 40,156 66 263 6,021 87, 161 79 155 81 890 60, 369 63 156 67 918 Total, gill nets only Pounds 23 951 374 44 373 38 866 42 447 34 826 30 67 678 39 006 36 259 27 852 22 352 15 561 460 39 839 33,295 27 363 22 681 29,917 36 345 285 66,639 69,637 64,596 61, 119 53, 332 62, 139 Number of gill-net deliveries 370 11 396 435 419 461 496 1 516 492 476 440 394 328 5 460 440 410 364 367 378 4 485 470 645 494 485 530 Mean catch per delivery 65 34 102 102 93 92 78 70 30 111 79 76 63 67 48 92 87 76 67 62 82 96 71 117 127 119 103 110 98 Percentage of weekly total 13 8 0 4 16 6 16 9 16 2 18 5 17 0 15 6 1 4 27 3 19 3 17 8 13 9 11.2 8.5 1 0 18.4 17.2 16.2 12.3 16.0 21.0 1.4 20.0 18.1 18.8 13.8 14.5 13.3 Bonneville count 277 254 231 206 239 231 201 172 213 270 288 209 212 297 264 241 285 189 201 163 160 88 264 259 476 445 1,102 870 747 TABLE 18.—Variation in certain features of the chinook salmon catch in Zones 1 and S and of the Bonneville count during June and July, related to the days of the week Day of the week Thousands mean total catch 47.4 43.2 40.5 36.0 34.9 35.2 Mean percentage of weekly total 19.8 18.1 16.8 14.9 14.4 16.2 Mean delivery per gill net 88 9 83.0 78.4 72.9 72 6 69.8 Mean percentage of weekly total of Bonneville count Percentage of weekly total The intensity \vith which the June-July run is being exploited is shown in still another way by comparing the change in the weekly totals of the catch with the weekly totals of the Bonneville count for the corresponding weeks. These data are given in table 12, where the two series may be readily compared. It is seen that the catch below Bonneville during June and July constantly increased from 2,636 fish in the week of June 4, to 16,363 fish in the week ending July 30. At the same time the number of fish passing the Bonneville Dam remained, except for the last week, below the count for the first week of the period. It is obvious that the effect of an increased run entering the river is not felt at Bonneville—a result, without doubt, of a concurrent increase in the intensity of fishing. It is to be noted that the record of the catch above BonnevUle Dam agrees with that of the Bonneville count, and thus supports this interpretation. As a measure of this intensity we may take the total number of 13.6 14.5 14.2 14.3 17.4 14.2 11.8 16 5 13.4 16.1 11 2 12 2 15.4 16.4 11.9 12.1 16.9 16.1 18.2 21.6 14.2 15.2 12.3 12.1 6.6 6.3 6.2 11.4 10.7 26.4 20.4 18.0
130 FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SEBVICE landings per week derived from the figures given in table 17, and shown in the following statement: Total number of deliveries per week in Zones 1 and Z during June and July Week ending Dcltoeriei June 11- _ 1, 551 June 18 2, 008 June 25 : 2, 229 July 2 2,283 July 9 2, 692 July 16 2, 647 July 23 2,424 July 30 3,013 It is shown by the preceding statement that the number of deliveries practically doubles during the months of June and July—an increase in fishing effort that could readily account for the fact that the count at Bonneville Dam does not increase, although there is better than a fourfold increase in the number of fish taken in the fishery in Zones 1 and 2. In this connection it has been of interest to determine something of the relationship that exists between the abundance of fish as measured by the average poundage per delivery and the number of deliveries. The number of deliveries may be taken as a fair measure of the number of men fishing. We have, therefore, taken these two series of values from table 17 and calculated the coefficient of correlation. This proved to be +0.75. The interpretation is quite clear that the abundance of fish, as shown by the size of the individual catches, is an important factor in determining the number of fishermen that will fish. INTENSITY OF FISHING IN GENERAL The runs of chinook salmon considerably outweigh in importance and value the runs of all other species in the Columbia River fishery combined. Of the entire run the part that enters the river during spring and early summer, April to July inclusive, is the most valuable on account of the fine quality of the fish. This part of the run, perhaps more than any other, has been adversely affected by the reduction of spawning areas and localities suitable for the rearing of the young fish that has attended the utilization of the water resources in the headwaters, especially for power and irrigation. Since the salmon industry began on the Columbia River the chinook has been the mainstay of the fishery and the most relentless exploitation has fallen upon the spring run. It has been shown above that the present intensity of fishing is such that, in 1938, over 80 percent of the spring run and between 60 and 70 percent of the main fall run of chinook salmon were taken in the commercial fishery. In this connection it is pertinent to recall that in the regulation of the Alaska salmon fisheries the Federal Government, acting through the Fish and Wildlife Service, has adopted the principle that the escapement should be not less than 50 percent of the entire'run. There are sound theoretical grounds for thinking that the maximum sustained yield of the salmon fisheries can be maintained with an escapement of this order of magnitude, and the practical results obtained with the Alaska fisheries support this view. It seems
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