Fishery bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service - NOAA

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THE YOUNG OF SOME MARINE FISHES TAKEN IN LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY, VIRGINIA, WITH SPE- CIAL REFERENCE TO THE GRAY SEA TROUT Cynoscion regalis (BLOCH) jt By JOHN C. PEARSON, Aquatic Biologist, Fish and Wildlife Service Introduction Methods Planktonic fishes Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Menhaden; Fatback Anchoviella mitchilli (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Anchovy Conger conger (Linnaeus). Conger eel Lophopsetta maculata (Mitchell). Wmdowpane Etropus sp. Etrope Paralichthys sp. Flounder Ancylopsetta sp. Flounder Achirus fasciatus Lacépède. American sole; Hogchoker Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus). Tonguefish Syngnathus floridae (Jordan and Gilbert). Pipefish Syrictes fuscus (Storer). Common pipefish Hippocampus hudsonius DeKay. Seahorse Menidia menidia (Linnaeus). Silverside Peprilus alepidolus (Linnaeus). Harvestfish Poronotus triacanthus (Peck). Butterfish Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus). Bluefish - CONTENTS Page 79 80 80 83 83 83 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 87 89 INTRODUCTION Plank Planktonic fishes—Continued. СCentropristes striatua (Linnaeus). Sea bass; Blackfish 90 D Jj Bairdiella chrysura (Lacépède). Sand perch 91 TI lv Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). Croaker 91 Д, Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus). Kingfish; Whiting 92 /~1 иCynoscion legalis (Bloch and Schneider). Gray sea trout; Weakfish; Squeteague. 92 pPrionotus sp. Sea robin 97 17l Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus). Tautog._ 97 Jl Microgobius thalassinus (Jordan and Gilbert). Scaled goby- 98 17 Gobiosoma ^1 sp. Naked goby 98 AAstroscopus gutiatus Abbot. Stargazer 98 hHypsoblennius hentz (Le Sueur). Blenny 99 RßtssoZa marginala (De Kay). Cusk eel 99 GGobiesox strumosus Cope. Oysterfish; Clmgfish 99 SSphoeroides maculatus (Bloch and Schneider). Puffer 100 LLophius piscatorius Linnaeus. Goosefish !.. JOO Summ Summary 101 Litera cited 101 Our knowledge concerning seasonal and geographic distributions of the planktonic young of most inshore marine fishes of the Atlantic coast is meager. This is especially true of certain common food fishes such as the weakfish, or gray sea trout, Cynoscion regalis, which provides the most valuable inshore fishery along the Middle Atlantic 79
80 FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE seaboard. The importance of such information concerning our marine food fishes has been brought out by Bowman (1914), who asked Are the chief spawning.places such that when the bulk of the larvae appear from the egg they find themselves in the immediate neighborhood of a locality suitable for development? To what extent do the prevailing physical conditions assist the passive eggs and helpless larvae in securing a suitable habitat for further development? It is of considerable import to the annual success of the American fisheries that there should be an intimate connection between the spawning grounds of a species and the localities suitable for growth. The present paper presents additional distributional and descriptive data on the young of a number of marine fishes regularly occurring in lower Chesapeake Bay. These data should help to increase our knowledge of the spawning season and spawning habitat of these fishes. 1 METHODS The area of Chesapeake Bay included in this study is bounded roughly by Cape Henry and Cape Charles on the east, Lynnhaven Roads on the south, Old Point Comfort on the west, and Back River Light on the north (fig. 1). Plankton collections were made at weekly or biweekly intervals at definite points within this area with a meter ringnet towed by powerboat. All except two of the collecting stations were permanently marked with navigation buoys and nearly all plankton was taken at definite localities over the entire period of collection—extending from May to October 1929, from April to December 1930, and during January and March 1931. The period of each tow was standardized at 15 minutes, the tow usually being with the tide and at as constant a rate of speed as conditions permitted. 2 Collections were usually taken from 10:30 a. m. to 2:00 p. m. Both surface and subsurface tows were frequently made at each station. Subsurface tows were made from 10 to 20 feet below the surface of the water—the depth of water at no station exceeding 30 feet. PLANKTONIC FISHES Over 7,400 young fishes, representing 45 species, were taken in the plankton collections in lower Chesapeake Bay during 1929-30. Of the total number, 7,380 fishes were identified and separated into 31 recognizable species, while 50 fishes were separated into 14 unknown species. The planktonic young of the sea trout, Cynoscion regalis, constituted over 50 percent of the total number of fish identified; followed in abundance by the young of the common anchovy, Anchoviella mitchüli; the sea robin, Prionotus sp. ; and the blenny, Hypsoblennius hentz. s The numerical seasonal relationship of the various species of larval and postlarval fishes in the plankton given by the month and year is presented ha table 1. The planktonic fishes, usually in larval or postlarval stages, were secured princi- > Acknowledgment Is due the War Department (or extended use of laboratory space at Old Point Comfort, Va., and to the many fish dealers and fishermen about Hampton Roads for valued Information and assistance. Special mention Is due Miss Louella E. Cable for the original drawings (figs. 2 to 9,12 to 21, 24, and 25) In this report. > The length of the net was approximately 4 meters (13 feet), the upper Ш meters of No. 0 silk bolting cloth (33 meshes to the Inch), the lower 3 meters of No. 2 silk cloth (64 meshes to the inch), and a detachable cap of No. 12 silk cloth (150 meshes to the Inch. > Numerically the young of A. mltctiillt were far more abundant In the plankton than the young of C. regalie but, owing to the labor Involved, only a small proportion of young mitMlU was removed from the plankton, while all the young of C. regalis as well as all other species were removed and identified.
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