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DEATH A D WORLDVIEW I A BALLAD CULTURE: THE EVIDENCE OF NEWFOUNDLA D BY © Isabelle Marie Peere, Lie. Philologie Gemlanique A thesis submitted to the School of Gmduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Departrnenl of Folklore <strong>Memorial</strong> University of ewfoundland April 1992 St. John's Newfoundland
Abstract This study investigates death as an expression of worldview in Newfoundland tradition, and with particular attention given to its classical ballads. From the correlation of their people's life style and moral orientations (the pragmatic context), the views and values carried across genres (the symbolic context) and those expressed within the ballads (their poetic context), one claims to find articulated a coherent worldview upholding positive behaviour--in the face of death as in life. While this attilUde is: found expressed in traditional societies as well as in classical balladry. it pervades pas! and modern local tradition, and seems particularly appropriate to Newfoundland's maritime culture. The striking prominence of revenant types in the classical ballad repenoire and the exceptional courage of the heroine of the most popular "Sweet William's Ghost" (Ch 77) confinn local concern with bereavement and its successful resolution. This evidence for Newfoundland yields the proposition that. while the meanings carried in a cultural ballad corpus are essentially generic, they are actualized in dynamic relation with specific cultural contexts and worldviews.
Page 5 and 6: iv Table of Contents Introouction p
Page 8: This study of worldview in a ballad
Page 17 and 18: self and the olher.! Our judgement
Page 19 and 20: lIe distinguishes "ethos" from worl
Page 21: 16 nature, leads the ethnographer f
Page 25 and 26: 20 . folklore ... constitutes a bas
Page 27: 22 When sufficient evidence has bee
Page 31 and 32: conceives that folk poetry e"hibits
Page 34: order to uncover the meaning of any
Page 38: 33 To neglect the human dimension o
Page 44 and 45: consequences.! More, Raymond Firth
Page 47: symlx>lism of the funeral period ha
Page 54 and 55:
49 These revenants, which the women
Page 56 and 57:
The process of traditionalizing an
Page 59 and 60:
island's inshore waters one of the
Page 62:
know any peace from the West Countr
Page 72 and 73:
programme began in 1920 to remedy t
Page 78:
73 School is not held regularly yea
Page 82:
ecuperated from the Bank fishery. f
Page 85:
80 Chapter 4 Community Tradition an
Page 88 and 89:
83 Pre-1949 ewfoundland has been de
Page 91 and 92:
86 heaven."llaughs].... When we cam
Page 93 and 94:
88 In the absence of any external r
Page 97 and 98:
have created new tenns and uses rel
Page 100:
sense, rooled in accumulated experi
Page 105 and 106:
100 death. 'T was a big shock you k
Page 107 and 108:
102 2. The Symbolic Context The sec
Page 110:
105 grief for a beloved would be ab
Page 114:
109 said to her: "Rose and I will s
Page 118:
113 nothing could save him. This be
Page 125 and 126:
120 and he said to Father "where di
Page 127 and 128:
122 We thought it was just a ship m
Page 131 and 132:
126 humanitarian. Even when the spi
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132 ritual OUI of a solemn yet bana
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137 A Rambling Young Fellow l 1. Wh
Page 146 and 147:
141 Le Roy Ladurie's evocation, mov
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143 humorous anecdote suggests, was
Page 155 and 156:
150 infonnant's repertoire, speak o
Page 157 and 158:
152 5. He drew lIle deadly weapon.
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154 However remote the trials of "f
Page 162 and 163:
157 with the date. So, exposure and
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159 After eight long hours of trave
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166 In paying tribute to victims, h
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169 the Fogo Festival, received ent
Page 177 and 178:
172 One's Own Death The second utli
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176 less obviously accountable, per
Page 186 and 187:
18\ 3. The tidal wave, with fearful
Page 190 and 191:
185 The priest, on the other hand,
Page 192:
187 The strong religious orientatio
Page 198 and 199:
193 Oh, where is my beloved? I have
Page 200 and 201:
Remember friends as you pass by As
Page 203 and 204:
198 breathing one's last and being
Page 205 and 206:
200 RB: lot like it used to be. In
Page 207 and 208:
202 RB: My mother lived by 8., wher
Page 210 and 211:
205 PP: Oh yes, yes, that kind of s
Page 213 and 214:
One nalive account is that of Spark
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210 which pushed against his chest
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215 Of the many and various libert.
Page 225 and 226:
220 3. By Ihis time old Kelly was f
Page 227 and 228:
222 In contrast with what the first
Page 229 and 230:
224 The last tale of the COTe group
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226 his friend drowned when still d
Page 237 and 238:
232 ,hat of the transilionallife of
Page 239 and 240:
234 cenaine heure de la nuit et I'o
Page 241 and 242:
236 The major drawback to being a f
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239 These plOIS are all of imported
Page 247 and 248:
242 For she knew 'twas her true lov
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244 and the faithful widow "married
Page 254:
249 Songs appearing in "the age of
Page 257 and 258:
252 The same moralizing with regard
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254 Mostly uncelebraled because dep
Page 263 and 264:
258 could be in any situation. In f
Page 265 and 266:
260 The Catholic dogma in panicular
Page 267 and 268:
262 'I got a spade from the toolhou
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264 As many as ten local versions o
Page 272 and 273:
267 everywhere and under whatever f
Page 274 and 275:
269 arc only the worse off! As trad
Page 276 and 277:
271 treat this unexpected homecomin
Page 278 and 279:
273 An old man gazed on a photograp
Page 280 and 281:
275 Farewell my wife and children d
Page 283 and 284:
278 Forbidden Death Aries's fourth
Page 285 and 286:
280 Chapter 11 Social Denial and Fa
Page 287 and 288:
282 "In the last few years. St. Joh
Page 289 and 290:
284 call is made to us and if a per
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287 do that. They just want everyth
Page 295 and 296:
290 11.4. "The only lime we see eac
Page 297 and 298:
11.5. Family Love in Finale 292 For
Page 299 and 300:
294 Local cemetery customs further
Page 301 and 302:
296 societies. Their families are m
Page 303 and 304:
Unseen, unheard but always near, St
Page 305 and 306:
300 3 . The Classical Ballads' Poet
Page 307 and 308:
302 published by Lehr, also the ear
Page 309 and 310:
304 American continent as well as b
Page 311 and 312:
306 versions, as in Karpeles' 1934
Page 313 and 314:
308 diaries. While the collectors'
Page 315 and 316:
310 What is it that you want of me
Page 317 and 318:
312 Though he comes close to the tr
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314 "Willie 0' Winsbury" (Ch 1(0) w
Page 322 and 323:
317 (continued) lliJi 1972 £Q!L ad
Page 324 and 325:
319 Moses Harris. MUNFLA 78-50/C314
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321 Ch 286 Eight reported singings,
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323 data, therefore, appears approp
Page 330 and 331:
325 Studies of repenoire and perfon
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328 while also supporting Morgan's
Page 336 and 337:
331 The perpetration of the offence
Page 338:
"Lady Isabel and the Elf-Knight" (C
Page 341 and 342:
"Geordie" (Ch 209) 336 An unscrupul
Page 343 and 344:
338 back to the living for that ver
Page 345 and 346:
340 Ch # OFFENDER OFFENDED DENOUNCE
Page 349 and 350:
344 The preservation of social imag
Page 351 and 352:
346 disconsolate girl is left alone
Page 353 and 354:
348 Rather than coincidence, the re
Page 355 and 356:
350 into the funeral and burial of
Page 358 and 359:
353 In conclusion, this talerole an
Page 360:
355 I. The Classical Ballads' Poeti
Page 363 and 364:
358 attitudes are but landmarks or
Page 365 and 366:
360 denominator of its individual f
Page 367 and 368:
362 Death, in either case, is ratio
Page 369:
364 return to them; revenants once
Page 372 and 373:
367 feeling," the song spirit of tr
Page 376 and 377:
371 Indeed, whereas neither poveny,
Page 378 and 379:
373 Arsenault, Georges. Camp/ainles
Page 380 and 381:
375 Buckley, Anna-Kaye with Christi
Page 383:
378 "Folk Ideas as Units of Worldvi
Page 387 and 388:
382 Kodish, Debora. '''Never had a
Page 392:
387 Puchner, Walter, ed. Tod und Je
Page 396 and 397:
391 ------.. Mourir autrefois: atti
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